A simple hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for the serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis has been developed and evaluated. A total of 84 human and 120 mouse serum samples were tested by the newly developed HI test and compared with an immunoglobulin G-indirect fluorescent antibody test. Statistical analysis of serum titers obtained by using the HI test and the immunoglobulin G-indirect flu...

A real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RRT-PCR) assay based on the avian influenza virus matrix gene was developed for the rapid detection of type A influenza virus. Additionally, H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtype-specific probe sets were developed based on North American avian influenza virus sequences. The RRT-PCR assay utilizes a one-step RT-PCR protocol and fluorogenic hydrolysis type probes....

Currently, the only diagnostic test available routinely for the sero-diagnosis of BFDV is the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay. This test, whilst useful and applicable to samples from a wide range of psittacine birds, is not an ideal assay; it requires erythrocytes from live animals, virus purified from the feathers of infected birds and polyclonal antibody preparations in order to perfo...

Sera from 1000 women attending antenatal clinics were screened for the presence of rubella antibody by haemagglutination inhibition (HI), single radial haemolysis (SRH), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). With 925 sera concordant results were obtained with all three tests. There were 46 false-negative HI tests due to the necessity of allowing for residual non-specific inhibitors. Wi...

Different dietary starch sources can have a great impact in determining starch digestion potential, thus influencing the postprandial blood glucose response. Our objectives were to define: (i) the incremental plasma glucose response in pigs fed diets containing various sources of starch differing in in vitro digestion patterns, (ii) the in vivo glycemic index (GI) values for the same diets, (ii...

Immunopathogenesis studies employing West Nile virus (WNV) mice model are important for the development of antivirals and vaccines against WNV. Since antibodies produced in mice early during WNV infection are essential for clearing virus from the periphery, it is important to detect early and persistent anti-WNV antibodies. ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization tests are traditionally used ...

Because healthcare workers played an important role in the battle against novel pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza, a clinical study was conducted to examine the immunogenicity and safety of a single dose of a China-made monovalent, split-virus, pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza vaccine in this special high-risk population. Healthcare workers in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical Colle...

BACKGROUND  In Indonesia, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus has become endemic in poultry and has caused sporadic deadly infections in human. Since 2012, we have conducted fixed-point surveillance of avian influenza viruses at a live-poultry market in East Java, Indonesia. In this study, we examined the seroprevalence of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection among market workers...

The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is one of causative agents of reproductive failure in pregnant sows. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) was examined for its potential use in the rapid monitoring of the JEV, and the results were compared with those from the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and serum neutralization (SN) tests. The comparative analysis showed that the re...

Sera were collected from 238 high-school students in Prince Edward Island for the determination of immune status before an anticipated measles outbreak. In addition, history of vaccination status and measles infection was obtained. In the subsequent outbreak, 28 students did contract measles. Specificity for hemagglutination inhibition (HI), antihemolysin (AH), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent a...