T most important aspect of computerization is “planning.” It is as important to plan for the actual transfer of data from a manual billing system to computer (computer conversion) as it is to plan for the purchase of a computer system for your business. With careful planning, both expected costs and unforseen costs of converting to the computer system won’t punch a giant hole in your checkbook....

To meet the economic challenges faced in the healthcare industry and to continue to provide low cost and high quality services; healthcare organizations and private hospitals in particular are striving to control operational costs. Thus, considering cost is essential in order to accomplish this. Costing should promote cost effectiveness of medical practice, maximize the resources available to t...

C ost is an inevitable, but often overlooked and uncounted, consequence of environmental contamination. Any degradation of the environment, whether it is contamination of air or water, pollution of landfills by toxic waste or exposure of children to hazardous chemicals, carries costs. Among these costs are: 1) direct medical expenses for persons made ill by toxic exposures; 2) indirect health-r...