in this paper, the chebyshev spectral collocation method(cscm) for one-dimensional linear hyperbolic telegraph equation is presented. chebyshev spectral collocation method have become very useful in providing highly accurate solutions to partial differential equations. a straightforward implementation of these methods involves the use of spectral differentiation matrices. firstly, we transform ...

Communities containing species that are not niche differentiated require somemechanism to avoid the expected competitive exclusion of all but one or a few species. Predator pressure has long been held to be one of thosemechanisms. Here, we show that the critical feature of predation is not its intensity, but its degree of specialization. Neither highly specialist nor highly generalist predators...

In this paper, the Chebyshev spectral collocation method(CSCM) for one-dimensional linear hyperbolic telegraph equation is presented. Chebyshev spectral collocation method have become very useful in providing highly accurate solutions to partial differential equations. A straightforward implementation of these methods involves the use of spectral differentiation matrices. Firstly, we transform ...

an important determinant of health system performance is contracting. providers often respond to financial incentives, despite the ethical underpinnings of medicine, and payers can craft contracts to influence performance. yet contracting is highly imperfect in both single-payer and multi-payer health systems. arguably, in a competitive, multi-payer environment, contractual innovation may occur...

A highly competitive micro evolutionary algorithm to solve unconstrained optimization problems called μJADE (micro adaptive differential evolution), is adapted to deal with constrained search spaces. Two constraint-handling techniques (the feasibility rules and the ε-constrained method) are tested in μJADE and their performance is analyzed. The most competitive version is then compared against ...

The retail business sector is highly competitive in Indonesia, so mini-market businesses must seek ways to offer high-quality services their customers enhance experience by providing sales promotions. This study measured the effect of customer and promotion on repurchase intention Minimarket Jakarta – Indonesia. data was gathered surveying 150 minimarkets using purposive sampling; questionnaire...