We use the case of spot-form net-blotch (SFNB) and azole fungicides in Western Australia to investigate financial implications a switch from fungicide A, which high resistance is developing, more expensive B, less has developed. This done using budget calculation coupled with an epidemiological model. The model calculates total cost disease as sum expense treatment programme disease-induced yie...

Classical swine fever (CSF), a highly contagious disease of pigs caused by the classical swine fever virus (CSFV), can lead to important economic losses in the pig industry. Numerous CSFV isolates with various degrees of virulence have been isolated worldwide, ranging from low virulent strains that do not result in any apparent clinical signs to highly virulent strains that cause a severe perac...

Homocarnosine and carnosine have been identified in bovine brain extracts which are effective in protecting mice against infections by Staphylococcus aureus. These peptides, as well as l-1-methylhistidine, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, delta-aminovaleric acid, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, 1-aminomethylcyclohexane-4-carboxylic acid, and anserine, were tested as prophylactic agents against...

infectious bursal disease (ibd) is a highly contagious disease of chickens caused by the infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). this study was conducted to characterize three ibdv strains from iran. a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) procedure was used to amplify a 715-bp fragment of the vp1 gene from ibdv strains. amplified vp1 fragments of the three iranian ibdv strai...

A single intramuscular dose of piperacillin 2 g, with probenecid 1 g orally, was used to treat 82 men with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis due to penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) or non-PPNG. All 49 patients infected with non-PPNG strains were cured, as opposed to only 25 (76%) of 33 patients infected with PPNG strains, giving an overall success rate of 90%. N...