Background and Objectives: Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) type 1 and 2 are retroviruses that share the same routes of transmission as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As a consequence of epidemiologic similarities, HIV and HTLV-1/2 co-infection is frequent. Due to the limited data, this study assessed the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 infections in HIV infected patients in Tehran, Ira...

  Background and Objective: It is presumed that human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) is the necessary cause of all different forms of Kaposi’s sarcoma which is the most common neoplasm in HIV-infected persons. In this study, we wanted to determine the prevalence of HHV8 infection in all the available Isfahan (Central Iran) HIV positive individuals in comparison with healthy blood donor, and also inves...

Lentiviral vectors are promising gene delivery tools capable of transducing a variety of dividing and non-dividing cells, including pluripotent stem cells which are refractory for transduction by murine retroviruses. Although there is a growing debate on the safety of lentiviral vectors for gene transfer, in particular for those derived from human immunodeficiency viruses, type one (HIV-1) and ...

Background and Objectives: HIV infected patients are at risk for vaccine-preventable infections such as tetanus and diphtheria (Td). In these patients, these antibodies tend to decline faster. Due to the limited data, this study assessed the seroprevalence of tetanus and diphtheria antibodies in HIV infected patients in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried o...

Human immunodeficiency virus infection / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a disease pertained to the human immune system. Given its crucial role in viral replication, HIV-1 protease (HIV-1 PR) is a prime therapeutic target in AIDS therapy. In this regard, the dynamic aspects of ligand-enzyme interactions may indicate an important role of conformational variability in HIV-1 PR in...

Background: Due to their similar routes of transmission, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection occurs considerably. HBV infection progresses more rapidly in HIV-infected patients. Therefore, HBV vaccination of all non-immune HIV infected patients is recommended. On the other hand, HIV-infected subjects have suboptimal responses to HBV vaccine. In this study...

HIV-related stigma and discrimination refers to prejudice, negative attitudes abuse directed at people living with HIV AIDS. In 35% of countries available data, over 50% report having discriminatory towards HIV. Stigma also make vulnerable Those most risk (key affected populations) continue face based on their actual or perceived health status, race, socioeconomic age, sex, sexual orientation g...

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a condition caused by the Human Virus (HIV). HIV virus that attacks immune system and weakens body's ability to fight off infections diseases. Approximately 37.6 million people (about twice population of New York) worldwide are infected with human immunodeficiency (HIV) according data from Joint United Nations Program on HIV-AIDS.