Wave propagation in complex inhomogeneous, quasi-layered, 3D media is addressed using multires-olution analysis (MRA). The complexity is characterized by a fast, nely structured, variation of the system heterogeneity in the vertical (stratiication) direction, and a slow horizontal variation of the system heterogene-ity and/or the vertical boundaries (\fast" and \slow" here are relative to the w...

MOTIVATION Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is believed to be ubiquitous among bacteria, and plays a major role in their genome diversification as well as their ability to develop resistance to antibiotics. In light of its evolutionary significance and implications for human health, developing accurate and efficient methods for detecting and reconstructing HGT is imperative. RESULTS In this art...

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a prevalent and a highly important phenomenon in microbial species evolution. One of the important challenges in HGT research is to better understand the factors that determine the tendency of genes to be successfully transferred and retained in evolution (i.e., transferability). It was previously observed that transferability of genes depends on the cellular p...

Abstract In this paper, we first construct thermofield double states for bosonic string theory in the light-cone gauge. We then obtain a coherent-thermal state and thermal-coherent state. use covariance matrix approach to calculate circuit complexity of states. approach, generate optimal geodesics by horizontal generator, using length minimal group manifold.

In sub-Riemannian geometry, the length of a non-horizontal path is not defined (or is equal to +∞). However several other notions allow to measure a path, such as the Hausdorff measures, the class of k-dimensional lengths introduced in [2], or notions based on approximations by discrete sets, like the nonholonomic interpolation complexity and the entropy (see [8, 10]). The purpose of this paper...

Methods of reducing the complexity of the matching pursuits algorithm with minimal loss of fidelity when coding displaced frame difference (DFD) images in video compression are investigated. A full search using 2D basis functions is used as a benchmark. The use of separable 1D bases greatly reduces the complexity, and significant further reductions are achieved by using only a 1D inner product ...

Honeybees have small brains, but their behavioural repertoire is impressive. In this article we focus on the extent to which adaptive behaviour in honeybees exceeds elementary forms of learning. We use the concept of modularity of cognitive functions to characterize levels of complexity in the honeybee brain. We show that behavioural complexity in the honeybee cannot be explained by independent...

Withstanding 3.5 billion years of genetic drift, the canonical genetic code remains such a fundamental foundation for the complexity of life that it is highly conserved across all three phylogenetic domains. Genome engineering technologies are now making it possible to rationally change the genetic code, offering resistance to viruses, genetic isolation from horizontal gene transfer, and preven...

We show that the complexity of a cutting word u in a regular tiling by a polyomino Q is equal to Pn(u) = (p+q−1)n+1 for all n ≥ 0, where Pn(u) counts the number of distinct factors of length n in the infinite word u and where the boundary of Q is constructed by 2p horizontal and 2q vertical unit segments.

Previous hemodynamic studies of patients with septal defects, or patent ductus arteriosus, have been made with the patient recumbent in the horizontal posture. Our studies indicate unexpected changes in pulmonary blood flow with the upright posture, and often further increments in flow during walking that are different from those reported for exercise in recumbency. It is suggested that such de...