Presbytis chrysomelas chrysomelas endemic only in Sarawak and Kalimantan was categorized by IUCN as a critically endangered primate that require special attention from research and conservation perspectives. A qualitative study on ranging patterns of P. c. chrysomelas was conducted in the Samunsam Wildlife Sanctuary, Sarawak. The study was conducted over a period of 13 months from December 2004...

The purpose of this study was to characterize both spatial and temporal patterns of the shoulder joint movement in the upper limb motion when ballet dancers are performing the flaps of swan wings. Twenty-three expert female dancers (Dance group) and 21 inexperienced age-matched females (Control group) participated in the study. Thirty-three reflective markers were attached to the trunk and uppe...

The 3D orientation of the hand for grasping was studied while subjects reached for objects placed at several locations on a horizontal board, with movements starting from three initial hand positions. The hand movements were recorded with electromagnetic sensors giving 3D position and orientation information. The study focused on the azimuth, which is the projection of the hand orientation in a...

PURPOSE Monkeys reared under conditions of alternating monocular occlusion during their first few months of life show large horizontal strabismus, "A" patterns, and dissociated vertical deviation. "A" patterns manifest as an inappropriate horizontal component in the deviated eye during vertical eye movements (cross-axis movement). The objective of this study was to investigate response properti...

Abstract The present study aims to reveal horizontal sporadic E (Es) movements driven by atmospheric diurnal/semi-diurnal tides using a three-dimensional (3D) ionospheric model. Horizontal Es have been investigated since the mid-twentieth century, variety of 1D/2D observational techniques. However, there are no comprehensive studies that explain different results asserted observations. Herein, ...

Abstract Background Diving marine predators forage in a three-dimensional environment, adjusting their horizontal and vertical movement behaviour response to environmental conditions the spatial distribution of prey. Expectations regarding horizontal-vertical movements are derived from optimal foraging theories, however, inconsistent empirical findings across range taxa suggests these behaviour...