The study presents an ammonia microsensor integrated with a readout circuit on-a-chip fabricated using the commercial 0.18 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The integrated sensor chip consists of a heater, an ammonia sensor and a readout circuit. The ammonia sensor is constructed by a sensitive film and the interdigitated electrodes. The sensitive film is zirconium diox...

We analyse changes in the Australian gas industry during 1990s that were motivated by the Hilmer Reforms. We estimate the effects on real household income of the changes by combining a computable general equilibrium model with a microsimulation model. Although the structural changes were significant in their effects on the gas industry, they are estimated to have had minor effects on real house...

In coal mine different types of toxic gases are present. There is an increasing demand on toxic gas sensor for coal mine where the power consumption is a big issue. In this paper a simple structure of micro heater and inter digited electrode has been fabricated and micro machined structure for low power consumption is demonstrated. MEMS microheaters are designed and fabricated for entire two in...

Modern engines are cooled by complex air and liquid cooling systems that manage the flow of high temperature air, gases and coolants, and house critical thermal management components. Plastics, many supplied by DuPont, are playing an increasingly important role in key cooling system parts including thermostat and heater housings, outlet and inlet ports, valves, cross-overs, coolant pumps, water...

the goal of this study was to compare the effect of heater probe thermocoagulation for massive bleeding of peptic ulcers with a control group. between march 1992 and august 1995 we used heater probe thermocoagulation endoscopically to treat 42 patients with active ugl bleeding or nonbleeding visible vessels at the base of ulcer craters within 2-3 hours of admission. we also selected 42 patients...

Household energy use is increasingly important in the context of fuel poverty and the equity debate as well as in relation to energy saving and efficiency policies. We first explore the link between household energy spending and income. We use a panel dataset from a comprehensive survey of UK households from 1991 to 2007 comprising over 77,000 observations to analyse electricity, gas, and overa...

In this study, an integrated flexible gas sensor was developed based on a polymer/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite film by using Bluetooth wireless communication/interface technology. Polymer/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite films were deposited over a polyimide flexible substrate for building a gas sensor array by using a drop-casting method. Sensor response was acquired through int...

This paper presents GasSense, a low-cost, single-point sensing solution for automatically identifying gas use down to its source (e.g., water heater, furnace, fireplace). This work adds a complementary sensing solution to the growing body of work in infrastructure-mediated sensing. GasSense analyzes the acoustic response of a home's government mandated gas regulator, which provides the unique c...