Infection attributable cancers contribute over 1/4th of all cancers in the developing countries (26.3%) compared to the developed countries (7.7%), (Parkin, 2006). Overwhelming majority are related to viral infections. In contrast to other carcinogens where it is usually a ‘hit and run’ kind of situation, with infectious agents particularly viruses one may precisely demonstrate and prove its pr...

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rapidly progressive fatal prion disease. The proposed diagnostic criteria1,2 are not sufficiently helpful for diagnosis in early stages of the disorder. A 69-year-old female was brought to our hospital with a history of 3 weeks left side hemiparesis and the progressive loss of speech and attention. She was awake and mute without any purposeful beha...

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a highly aggressive T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV1). The activation of NFB by Tax has been reported to play a crucial role in HTLV-1–induced transformation. The HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ), which is encoded by an mRNA of the opposite polarity of the viral genomic RNA, is involved in both T cell proliferation and suppression of T...

Reported at the beginning of the 1980s, Human T lymphotropic viruses type 1 and 2 (HTLV1, HTLV 2) were the first retroviruses to have been detected in human beings. HTLV 1 was isolated from adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and first described by Takatsuki et al. in Japan in 1976, as a malignancy that only affects T cells and only in adults (1, 2). Albeit infrequent, HTLV-1 infection may lead to seve...

immunologic response to infection. An appropriately brief section discusses the host response to infection, which defines the diseases seen clinically. Another section discusses the prevention and control of infection and disease. A thought-provoking section in each chapter elucidates unresolved epidemiologic and medical problems. Each chapter is extensively referenced-an average of approximate...

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a highly aggressive T-cell malignancy that was first proposed as a new disease entity in 1977 (Uchiyama et al., 1977) and that was closely followed by the discovery of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) as the causative agent (Yoshida et al., 1982). ATL has a broad clinical spectrum (Takatsuki et al., 1985) and is classified into four clinical subtype...

The present paper explore out the better-characterized and most intensively studied oncogenic viruses of humans and animals. Many DNA and RNA viruses have been proved to be oncogenic (or carcinogenic) in a variety of animals, ranging from amphibia to primates, and évidence grows stronger that certain forms of human cancer are of viral origin. Several DNA viruses have been associated with the ca...

HTLV-1 infection has a worldwide distribution but the majority of patients infected by the virus are in Africa, Central and South American and in the Southern of Japan [1]. The HTLV-1 associated myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) are the main diseases related to the virus but they occur in less than 5% of infected subjects [2]. However, nowadays...

Although inflammation has long been known as a localized protective reaction of tissue to irritation, injury, or infection, characterized by pain, redness, swelling, and sometimes loss of function, there has been a new realization about its role in a wide variety of diseases, including cancer. While acute inflammation is a part of the defense response, chronic inflammation can lead to cancer, d...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Blood-borne infections, such as the HIV virus and hepatitis B and C, are major problems in patients receiving blood products. Here we examined the prevalence of HTLV-1, HCV, HBV, and HIV in hemophilic patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study on 108 hemophilic patients (101 males and 7 females) involved detection of HBV, HCV, HIV and HTLV-1 infections using immunoassa...