• Its geographical market definition accounts only for a factor that is no longer relevant and for none of the factors that matter in a competitive market. • Its use of uncommitted-shares registers more market power when the market itself is more competitive and less market power when it is less competitive. Thus it often reads in reverse the impact of the market on the applicant. • It takes no...

In this paper, we present a new formulation of one-stop capacitated hub-and-spoke model as a natural extension of the uncapacitated one-stop model. The model involves arc capacity constraints as well as hub capacity constraints, which enables us to incorporate some practical factors into the model. We also present a branch-and-bound based exact solution method with Lagrangian relaxation boundin...

In the past decade, major airlines in the U.S. have moved from banked hub-and-spoke operations to de-banked hub-and-spoke operations to lower operating costs. In [1], it is shown that dynamic airline scheduling, an approach that makes minor adjustments to flight schedules in the booking period by re-fleeting and re-timing flight legs, can significantly improve utilization of capacity and hence ...

Objective: To compare the return-on-investment (ROI) of an integrated practice model versus a "hub and spoke" practice model of pharmacist provided medication therapy management (MTM). Methods: A cohort retrospective analysis of MTM claims billed in 76 pharmacies in North Carolina in the 2010 “hub and spoke” practice model and the 2012 “integrated” practice model were analyzed to calculate the ...

With BGP/MPLS Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), providing any-to-any connectivity among sites of a given VPN would require each Provider Edge (PE) router connected to one or more of these sites to hold all the routes of that VPN. The approach described in this document allows the VPN service provider to reduce the number of PE routers that have to maintain all these routes by requiring only a su...

In the enterprise application software industry, dominant system vendors (hubs) have formed strategic partnerships with small software companies (spokes), resulting in the emergence of hub-and-spoke networks. Based upon the concept of software stacks, we argue that the governance mechanisms applied by hub and spokes depend on the complementarity between hub's and spoke's resources. Specifically...

Delta Air Lines is the first and only airline to carry over 100 million passengers in a year, carrying over 105,000,000 passengers in 1998. To provide service to this number of passengers, Delta operates a “hub and spoke” flight system. In the hub and spoke system, certain key airports, or hubs, are designated as the origination point of a large number of flights, thereby allowing a passenger d...