A defect in the yeast GEF1 gene, a CLC chloride channel homolog leads to an iron requirement and cation sensitivity. The iron requirement is due to a failure to load Cu2+ onto a component of the iron uptake system, Fet3. This process, which requires both Gef1 and the Menkes disease Cu2+-ATPase yeast homolog Ccc2, occurs in late- or post-Golgi vesicles, where Gef1 and Ccc2 are localized. The def...

Numerous bacteria have evolved different iron uptake systems with the ability to make use of their own and heterologous siderophores. However, there is growing evidence attributing alternative roles for siderophores that might explain the potential adaptive advantages of microorganisms having multiple siderophore systems. In this work, we show the requirement of the siderophore enterobactin for...

Staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen that forms biofilm on catheters and medical implants. The authors' earlier study established that 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (PGG) inhibits biofilm formation by S. aureus by preventing the initial attachment of the cells to a solid surface and reducing the production of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA). Our cDNA microarray and...

The treatment of renal anaemia by recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) is now well established. Several studies have examined the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the drug given intravenously, intraperitoneally and subcutaneously and there is increasing evidence that the subcutaneous route has several advantages including the requirement for a lower dose. It is also important to stress the ne...

The interaction of neutrophils with endothelial cells results in damage or killing of the latter. This outcome requires alteration of the endothelial cells such thatadhesive interactions betweenncutrophils and endothelia! cells are enhanced. In addition, neutrophil stimulation must also occur. To date, the most important adhesion promoting molecules appear to involve either P-selectiii or E-sel...

The treatment of renal anaemia by recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) is now well established. Several studies have examined the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the drug given intravenously, intraperitoneally and subcutaneously and there is increasing evidence that the subcutaneous route has several advantages including the requirement for a lower dose. It is also important to stress the ne...

Biodegradable materials are developed for designing temporary medical implants, like fixation devices for fractured bones or stents. At present, polymeric biomaterials such as poly-lactic acid (PLA) are currently used in these applications. The disadvantage of polymers is a low mechanical strength, hardness and wear resistance that is the main limitation for the use in load-bearing implants. Fo...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous iron, focusing primarily on its effects on haemoglobin, requirement for transfusion, and risk of infection. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials investigating the safety and efficacy of intravenous iron therapy. DATA SOURCES Randomised controlled trials from Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane ...