To overcome the problems of gene and drug delivery, nanotechnology has gained interest in recent years. Nanosystems with different compositions and biological properties have been extensively investigated for drug and gene delivery applications. Nanotechnology in drug delivery has been manifested into nanoparticles that can have unique properties both in vitro and in vivo, especially in targete...

background: similar to inflammatory cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) can also infiltrate in to kidney and urinary tracts and subsequently excreted by urine. in this study we determined the viability rate and response to phytohemagglutinin-a (pha) of human pbmcs in normal urine. methods: a number of 1×106 ficoll-hypaque isolated pbmcs were dispensed in 1 ml normal urine and 6 mo...