Over significant areas of the UK and western Europe, anthropogenic alteration of the subsurface by mining of coal has occurred beneath highly populated areas which are now considering a multiplicity of 'low carbon' unconventional energy resources including shale gas and oil, coal bed methane, geothermal energy and energy storage. To enable decision making on the 3D planning, licensing and extra...

Hydraulic fracturing is an important method of reservoir stimulation in the exploitation of geothermal resources, and conventional and unconventional oil and gas resources. In this article, hydraulic fracturing experiments with shale, sandstone cores (from southern Sichuan Basin), and granite cores (from Inner Mongolia) were conducted to investigate the different hydraulic fracture extension pa...

Lateral root primordia (LRP) originate from pericycle stem cells located deep within parental root tissues. LRP emerge through overlying root tissues by inducing auxin-dependent cell separation and hydraulic changes in adjacent cells. The auxin inducible auxin influx carrier LAX3 plays a key role concentrating this signal in cells overlying LRP. Delimiting LAX3 expression to two adjacent cell f...

Hydraulic activity refers to a property most familiar when discussing hydraulic cement such as ordinary portland cement (OPC). ASTM C125-15a defines hydraulic cement as “a cement that sets and hardens by chemical reaction with water and is capable of doing so under water.” That is, hydraulic cements, including SCMs that have hydraulic properties, react with water to harden, and that hardening p...

Separation of streamflow components into quickflow and baseflow is usually carried out in two main ways: hydrograph recession analysis and tracer-based methods. In this paper, it is proposed to use a fully coupled surface and subsurface flow and transport model to gain a better understanding of the relationship between physical catchment characteristics (e.g. aquifer hydraulic conductivity) and...

The Hydraulic excavator machines are heavy duty earth mover consisting of a boom, arm and bucket. It works on principle of hydraulic fluid with hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic motors. The Hydraulic excavator backhoe operation require coordinated movement of boom, arm and bucket to control the bucket tip position by following a desired trajectory and to use the excavator machines effectively in...

We present a simple viscous theory of free-surface flows in boundary layers, which can accommodate regions of separated flow. In particular this yields the structure of stationary hydraulic jumps, both in their circular and linear versions, as well as structures moving with a constant speed. Finally we show how the fundamental hydraulic concepts of subcritical and supercritical flow, originatin...

abstract many studies have been conducted on the characteristics of hydraulic jump over gradually expanding cross sections, but comparatively few have been carried out on basins with convergent wall. in the present research, the hydraulic jump characteristic of the stilling basin with convergent wall has been investigated. the main objective of this research is evaluation of conjugate depths ra...

Membrane processes have been successfully employed for treatment of a large number of industrial effluents. Reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafiltration (UF) are versatile separation and purification tools for the process industries. Both of these techniques are based on the ability of pressure-driven filtration membranes to separate multi-component fluids based on molecular size, shape, and chemic...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this experimental study was to measure stresses both on the pterygoid plates and the skull base following two different pterygomaxillary approaches in Le Fort I osteotomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The prepared skull models were randomly divided into 2 groups of 7. In the first group (A), the pterygomaxillary area was left intact. In the second group (B), pterygomaxillary...