one of the most important fuel cells (fcs) is proton exchange membrane fuel cells (pemfcs). the outputvoltage of this fc depends on current loads. this paper tries to introduce, implement and control the voltage ofpemfc, during load variations. the output voltage of fuel cell should be constant during load variation. toachieve this goal, a controller should be designed. here, the lead-lag contr...

The present paper explores the impact of an on-board hydrogen harvesting system (fuel reformer) on the overall efficiency of a fuel-cell powered vehicle. Various methods of hydrogen production for automotive applications have been discussed first. As the hydrogen production is one of the major challenges for application of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, especially in vehicular indus...

A novel proton exchange membrane (PEM) was designed and prepared from a polymer containing calix[4]arene as the functional unit to transport proton. The proton-conductivity of this membrane is about the same order of magnitude as that of Nafion 112 membrane. It is of interest to note that very different from most of the currently known PEMs, this membrane can transport proton without the help o...

During the operation of aromatic hydrocarbon-based proton exchange membrane fuel cells, formed radical species attack membrane. The most deleterious is HO · , both strongly electrophilic and oxidising. Oligomers α -methylstyrene sulfonates (PAMSS) were used as model compounds. We report on complex reaction cascade following oxidative cores bearing conductive sulfonate groups. UV-absorption band...

New bionanocomposite proton exchange membranes were prepared from sulfonated polybenzimidazole (s-PBI) and various amounts of sulfonated ZnO/cellulose nanohybrids (ZnO/cellulose-SO3H). The use of ZnO/cellulose-SO3H compensates for the decrease in ion exchange capacity of membranes observed when non-sulfonated nano-fillers are utilized. The strong –SO3H/–SO<su...

Fuel cells (FCs) have received huge attention for development from lab and pilot scales to full commercial scale. This is mainly due their inherent advantage of direct conversion chemical energy electrical as a high-quality supply and, hence, higher efficiency. Additionally, FCs been produced at wide range capacities with high flexibility modularity characteristics. Using the right materials ef...

In order to optimise the performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) and maximise their life cycle, water content has be properly controlled. This paper presents a model-based method determine effect load on PEMFC in PEMFCs using Acoustic Emission (AE) measurements. The developed model was implemented COMSOL verified single proton exchange membrane fuel cell (FC) operated under ...