Habitats may become unavailable to fish in reservoirs at different water elevations. Coves are particularly vulnerable habitat loss, as these peripheral zones isolated from the main reservoir. Quantifying loss elevation reductions and estimating cost of replacing specific types or maintaining a target percentage total cover can help fisheries managers plan for restoration projects reservoirs. W...

The multi-chamber Oscillating Water Column (OWC) device has recently become more attractive due to its potential high efficiency. In this paper, the hydrodynamic performance of a single-, dual- and triple-chamber OWC-breakwater are investigated experimentally. first instance, quantitative comparisons implemented understand OWC-breakwaters. Specific attention been dedicated capture width ratio (...

nowadays, congestion management is one of the major tasks accomplished by system operators to warrant the operation of transmission system within operating limits. this has resulted in unanticipated congestion interfaces in regional transmission systems. the system is, however, unable to evolve at a rate which is required to meet the quickly changing demand of competitive markets. to make the m...

this paper proposes an optimal transmission expansion planning (tep) which is based on determining share of each line in merchandizing surplus (ms) of system, determining by independent system operator (iso). the more share of a line in ms of system denotes the priority of a line for expansion. the procedure of determining ms of each line in a power system is based on determining the ms share o...

There is a great resolution calling for smart grids in recent years. Introduction of new technologies, that make the network flexible and controllable, is a main part of smart grid concept and a key factor to its success. Transmission network as a part of system network has drawn less attention. Transmission switching as a transmission service can release us from load shedding and remove the co...