This paper describes the developments under a European Space Agency (ESA) activity for development of high-pressure steam electrolyser system exploration surface missions. The base case scenario considered is hydrogen and oxygen production unit lunar missions, where water generated from ice-bearing consolidated regolith.

â a model is developed for separation of multicomponent gas mixtures in a countercurrent hollow fiber membrane module. while the model’s solution in countercurrent module usually involves in a time consuming iterative procedure, a proper initial guess is proposed for beginning the calculation and a simple procedure is introduced for correcting the guesses, hereby the cpu time is decreased ess...

Abstract Bio-hydrogen from sustainable biomass (i.e. agro-industrial residues) gasification can play a relevant role in the hydrogen economy, providing constant renewable sources. Nowadays, most production systems integrate one or more water-gas shift (WGS) units to maximize yield that, however, needs additional syngas treatments, investment and operational costs. Besides, different electricity...

The formation of molecular hydrogen in the interstellar medium takes place on the surfaces of dust grains. Hydrogen molecules play a role in gasphase reactions that produce other molecules, some of which serve as coolants during gravitational collapse and star formation. Thus, the evaluation of the production rate of hydrogen molecules and its dependence on the physical conditions in the cloud ...

The photocatalytic methanol reforming reaction has been studied using many different Pd/Pt loaded TiO2 powdered catalysts, focussing on the effect of weight loading and reaction phase on the rate of hydrogen production. The palladium/platinum weight loading dependence in the gas and liquid phase showed that independent of the phase of reaction, the amount of hydrogen produced from methanol refo...

■ This paper offers an overview of the technologies for hydrogen production. The technologies discussed are reforming of natural gas; gasification of coal and biomass; and the splitting of water by water-electrolysis, photo-electrolysis, photo-biological production and hightemperature decomposition. For all hydrogen production processes, there is a need for significant improvement in plant effi...

There is a growing need for hydrogen and a future hydrogen economy is high on the political agenda. But where should the hydrogen come from? The “sustainable” routes are still too expensive. Steam reforming of hydrocarbons is the most feasible route today. If CO2-sequestration is accepted, fossil fuels may play an important role in a starting future “hydrogen economy”. This will happen by use o...

The photocatalytic production of hydrogen from aqueous systems is reviewed, stressing the very promising features of the process as an environmentally friendly, perfectly renewable way to produce hydrogen, the ideal fuel for the future. Starting with a brief historical background, the most recent achievements in the field are discussed, both in the development of innovative materials able to ca...

The limited fossil fuel prompts the prospecting of various unconventional energy sources to take over the traditional fossil fuel energy source. In this respect the use of hydrogen gas is an attractive alternate source. Attributed by its numerous advantages including those of environmentally clean, efficiency and renew ability, hydrogen gas is considered to be one of the most desired alternate....

We demonstrated the feasibility of fedbatch operation using Clostridium acetobutylicum suspension culture as a biocatalyst for the continuous production of hydrogen. The optimum operating pH and temperature of the current cultivation system for hydrogen production were pH 6.0 and 37 degrees C, respectively. The volumetric loading of the bioreactor for hydrogen production can be as high as 650 m...