B oth hydrophobic bile salts 2 and unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) induce apoptosis in cultured cells at moderately elevated concentrations and cell necrosis at higher concentrations. Retention of bile salts in cholestasis is believed to cause secondary damage to hepatocytes, and retention of UCB in severe neonatal jaundice is known to cause bilirubin encephalopathy. For both agents, the cytotoxic...

A wide number of supra-molecular association modes are observed in mixtures containing water and bile salts, BS, (with, eventually, other components). Molecular or micellar solutions transform into hydrated solids, fibres, lyotropic liquid crystals and/or gels by raising the concentration, the temperature, adding electrolytes, surfactants, lipids and proteins. Amorphous or ordered phases may be...

The major protein fraction, a-globulin, of sesame seed CS’esamum indicum L.) contains subunits which are associated predominantly by hydrophobic interactions. Effects of various salts show the following effectiveness of anions in dissociating the proteins, SO,*< Cl< Br< C104< SCN4 I< CCl,COO-, the first two members being association-inducing ions. CC1,COONa is found to be the most effective amo...

We have shown previously that ox and pig bile accelerate in vitro growth of Giardia lamblia. We have now investigated the possible mechanisms by which mammalian biles promote parasite growth. Growth effects of (a) ox, pig, guinea pig, and human biles, (b) pure bile salts, and (c) egg and soybean lecithins were studied in the presence of a lecithin-containing growth medium. Individually, dilute ...

The solubility of fatty acids and cholesterol in bile does not appear to be due to the formation of soluble compounds of the choleic acid type. The bile is made up chiefly of the conjugated bile salts and such compounds with conjugated bile acids or salts have not been isolated (1). It is generally agreed that the solution of oils in aqueous solutions of soaps is associated with the micelle for...

Pancreatic lipase is rapidly and irreversibly inactivated at a hexadecane-water interphase. The unfolded protein is only very slowly, in the course of hours or days, released into the aqueous phase. Bile salts prevent the denaturation of the lipase. Bovine albumin also protects the enzyme. Denaturation of lipase occurs also at the interphase of the substrates, tributyrin or olive oil, and water...

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is commonly used as a polishing step in monoclonal antibody purification processes. HIC offers an orthogonal selectivity to ion exchange chromatography and can be an effective step for aggregate clearance and host cell protein reduction. HIC, however, suffers from the limitation of use of high concentrations of kosmotropic salts to achieve the desire...

A series of novel imidazolium salts bearing hydrophilic tetraethylene glycol (TEG) and/or hydrophobic long-chain alkyl (n-C12) functionalities, which are precursors for desired N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, were synthesized and characterized. Rh(I)-NHC complexes were prepared in good yields by the silver carbene transfer method with NHC-Ag species derived from the imidazolium salts. The...

This study describes an adaptation of hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) that can be used to estimate protein solubility optima. The method does not support determination of absolute, e.g. quantitative solubility, however it does provide a basis for identifying the salt concentration, pH, or additive concentrations that support the highest relative solubility. The magnitude of a given...

The major protein fraction, alpha-globulin, of sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) contains subunits which are associated predominantly by hydrophobic interactions. Effects of various salts show the following effectiveness of anions in dissociating the proteins, SO4(2-) less than Cl- less than Br- less than ClO4- less than SCN- less than or equal to I- less than CCl3COO-, the first two members bei...