Abstraet--In this paper we present plane-stress crack-tip stress and strain fields for pressure-sensitive dilatant materials. A hydrostatic stress-dependent yield criterion and the normality flow rule are used to account for pressure-sensitive yielding and plastic dilatancy. The material hardening response is specified by a power-law relation. The plane-stress mode I singular fields are found i...

A method of interpreting radial distribution functions (RDF) of amorphous metals is proposed in which the role of the local atomic structure is emphasized. It is found that the width and height of the peaks of the RDF are related to the second moment of the atomic-level hydrostatic stress distribution ⟨p2⟩. The results of this analysis are then used to explain the details of the changes that oc...

While some migratory birds perform non-stop flights of over 11 000 km, many species only spend around 15% of the day in flight during migration, posing a question as to why flight times for many species are so short. Here, we test the idea that hyperthermia might constrain flight duration (FD) in a short-distance migrant using remote biologging technology to measure heart rate, hydrostatic pres...

Studies in a murine model have shown that decompression stress triggers a progressive elevation in the number of circulating annexin V-coated microparticles derived from leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells. We noted that some particles appeared to be larger than anticipated, and size continued to increase for ≥24 h postdecompression. These observations led to the hypothes...

Shear deformations of Cu57Zr43 bulk metallic glass (BMG) model systems are performed using molecular dynamics simulation. The results suggest that both the hydrostatic stress and the stress normal to the shear plane should affect the shear response (modified Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion). We see shear localization and shear band nucleation in both a small system of 2000 atoms, and large systems...

Large volumes of naturally jointed Precambrian crystalline rock can be stably maintained at pressures considerably above the least principal earth stress in the surrounding rock mass. At Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Fenton Hill hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal test site, tests carried out for a cumulative period of 11 months in the deeper and larger of the two HDR reservoirs showed no evidence...

Laboratory measurements of rock strength provide limiting values of lithospheric stress, provided that one effective principal stress is known. Fracture strengths are too variable to be useful; however, rocks at shallow depth are probably fractured so that frictional strength may apply. A single linear friction law, termed Byedee's law, holds for all materials except clays, to pressures of more...

We study a quasi-2D granular gas that is vertically vibrated. Precise particle tracking from a Phantom V7.2 camera which captures images at 63492 frames per second allows accurate measurement of the momentum transfer from individual collisions as well as from particle motion. With this, we are able to obtain the experimental measurement of the stress tensor. The time-averaged total stress measu...

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is the most common overuse injury of the lower extremity. It has been hypothesized that PFP is the result of increased pressure on highly innervated subchondral bone. A recent finite element (FE) modeling study has suggested that persons with PFP demonstrate elevated hydrostatic pressure and octahedral shear stress in patella articular cartilage. It is unclear however ...