Raising the strength of culture medium from 149 or 165 mM by the addition of concentrated saline solutions to about 225-235 mM arrests HeLa cells for 3 h in metaphase without preventing the entry of G2 cells into mitosis. Apart from an initial period of 30 min, metaphases have well developed equatorial plates and chromosomes are discrete from one another. By employing a standardized continuous ...

Tonicity-responsive genes are regulated by the TonE enhancer element and the tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) transcription factor with which it interacts. Urea, a permeant solute coexistent with hypertonic NaCl in the mammalian renal medulla, activates a characteristic set of signaling events that may serve to counteract the effects of NaCl in some contexts. Urea inhibited...

TonEBP is a DNA binding transcriptional enhancer that enables cellular adaptation to hypertonic stress by promoting expression of specific genes. TonEBP expression is very high in the renal medulla because local hypertonicity stimulates its expression. Given the high level of expression, it is not well understood how TonEBP activity is modulated. Here we report that TonEBP is post-translational...

Ross, Michael G., Mina Desai, Catalina Guerra, and Shengbiao Wang. Prenatal programming of hypernatremia and hypertension in neonatal lambs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288: R97–R103, 2005. First published September 16, 2004; doi:10.1152/ ajpregu.00315.2004.—Maternal water restriction and the accompanying dehydration-induced anorexia may induce long-term physiological changes in offs...

Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channel proteins that participate in water transport. In the principal cells of the kidney collecting duct, water reabsorption is mediated by the combined action of AQP2 in the apical membrane and both AQP3 and AQP4 in the basolateral membrane, and the expression of AQP2 and AQP3 is regulated by antidiuretic hormone and water restriction. The effect of hypertonicity ...

Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) proteins contribute to cell death resistance in malignancies and emerged as promising targets in cancer therapy. Currently, small molecules mimicking the IAP-antagonizing activity of endogenous second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) are evaluated in phase 1/2 clinical trials. In cancer cells, SMAC mimetic (SM)-mediated IAP depletion induces tumor ...

Hypertonicity-induced alteration of the spectrin network under the erythrocyte membrane (EM) has been proposed as the cause of hypertonic cryohemolysis, however, the exact mechanism is not known. With this in mind we applied thermal dielectroscopy to evaluate the dynamic state of spectrin network of human erythrocytes and isolated EMs as affected by the osmotic pressure of suspension media (10 ...

Exploring the oceans for bioactive compounds is an incessant human desire. The present study investigates selected bioactivities; anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, cytotoxic, and genotoxic potential of Axinella sp. marine sponge crude extract (SCE). Sponge identification was based on morphology skeletal analysis. SCE prepared by methanol/dichloromethane extraction tested zoo-chemicals, anti-infl...

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Metabolism and tension were examined in single fibers of the semitendinosus muscle of Rana pipiens at 15 degree C after excitation-contraction uncoupling by stretch and hypertonicity. Interrupted tetanic stimulation at 20 HZ for 150 s, of control fibers in isotonic Ringer at a rest sarcomere length (SL) of 2.3 micrometers, resulted in a steadily declining tension, stimulated glycolysis, and sig...