AIMS The aim of this study was to examine the effect on symptoms in patients with induced cardioinhibitory carotid sinus syndrome (ICSS) when treated or not treated with a pacemaker. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty patients with a history of syncope or pre-syncope and ICSS were randomized to receive a permanent pacemaker (P group, n = 30) or no pacing (NP group, n = 30). ICSS was defined as a ventr...

The experimental animals were implanted with two bipolar electodes, one in the lateral hypothalamus including medial forebrain bundle (LH-MFB) and other in ipsilateral ventral tegmental area-substantia nigra (VTA-SN) and were trained to press a pedal for self-stimulation. This provided the scope to compare directly the effect of a given dose of a drug on the two reward regions in the same anima...

BACKGROUND A clinical model is needed to compare inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) with respect to efficacy. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this investigation was to compare the relative beneficial and systemic effects in a dose-response relationship for 2 ICSs. METHODS A 24-week, parallel, open-label, multicenter trial examined the benefit-risk ratio of 2 ICSs in persistent asthma. Benefit was asse...

Impactful academic research plays a stellar role in society, pressing to ask the question of how one measures the impact created by different areas of academic research. Measuring the societal, cultural, economic and scientific impact of research is currently the priority of the National Science Foundation, European Commission and several research funding agencies. The recently concluded United...

Endogenous opioids seem to play a critical role in the regulation of mood states. For example, there is accumulating evidence that stimulation of kappa-opioid receptors, upon which the endogenous opioid dynorphin acts, can produce depressive-like behaviors in laboratory animals. Here we examined whether systemic administration of salvinorin A (SalvA), a potent and highly selective kappa-opioid ...

The increasing digitization and interconnection of legacy Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) open new vulnerability surfaces, exposing such systems to malicious attackers. Furthermore, since ICSs are often employed in critical infrastructures (e.g., nuclear plants) manufacturing companies chemical industries), attacks can lead devastating physical damages. In dealing with this security requireme...

O PIOIDS are widely used for the management of intense acute pain, the management of cancer-related pain, or in an end-of-life palliative context. However, their regular use for chronic noncancer pain remains a subject of debate. Controlled preclinical studies may help to address the complex interaction between opioid pain relief and abuse potential, but they still remain scarce in the literatu...

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are recommended for patients with asthma who use a short-acting beta(2)-adrenergic agonist more than twice weekly--a key indicator of disease persistency. Much knowledge about the long-term benefits of ICSs in persistent asthma stems from studies of the ICS budesonide, which have shaped current asthma guidelines. Results of the 3-year double-blind phase of the inh...