IntroductionThrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a rare systemic microvascular disorder characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and ischemic damage in different organs. Beta-interferon (β-IFN), an immune-modulating agent widely used as first line treatment for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), has been associated with TMA several reports but the underly...

Abstract Background Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a major driver of excessive immune response, leading to intestinal mucosal damage and contributing the pathogenesis Crohn’s diseases (CD). In contrast inflammatory cells system, IFN-γ-induced cellular responses has not been well documented in epithelium. The epithelium consists multiple cell types patient-derived organoid model may be appropriate eval...

Thesis Abstract Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major leading cause of pathogenesis liver disease which was treated with IFN-based therapy and recently Sovaldi®. There challenge to explore new drugs. Probiotics are the most common natural therapeutic that can ameliorate dysfunction. Aim: study antiviral antibacterial responses probiotics in patients chronic (HCV). Materials Methods: we...

Abstract The mechanisms that drive pathology in infection-induced shock are not well understood. tick-borne pathogen Ixodes ovatuserhlichia (IOE) induces severe inflammation, vascular damage, liver injury, and death. Mice lack the receptor for type I IFN, or receptors both II IFNs, improves survival by 50–70 90%, respectively. IOE infection induced a significant increase circulating granulocyte...

During the 15 years since the discovery of type III human interferons [IFN-λ1(IL-29), IFN-λ2(IL-28A), and IFN-λ3(IL-28B)], numerous biological properties such as anticancer, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities of this new IFN family have been investigated. Several studies have shown that the encapsulation of pcDNA with PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) protects them against DNase enzyme action an...