*Dita Vogel collaborated as co-author on chapters 2 and 3 and also provided individual contributions to and comments on the entire text. The AKI Research Review on " Migration and Illegality in Germany " records and evaluates the current status of knowledge on this topic. The general aim of the AKI research reviews is to organize and evaluate the information available on a selected topic, to di...

Illegal shark fishing is thought to occur globally, including within so-called ‘‘shark sanctuaries’’, marine reserves and even inside UNESCO World Heritage sites, such as the Galápagos Islands. Presumably, this is due to poor local enforcement coupled with the growing international demand (and high economic incentives) for shark and other wildlife products. Understanding illegal shark fishing p...

This paper describes an experimental study of Linux kernel behavior in the presence of errors that impact the instruction stream of the kernel code. Extensive error injection experiments including over 35,000 errors are conducted targeting the most frequently used functions in the selected kernel subsystems. Three types of faults/errors injection campaigns are conducted: (1) random non-branch i...

Social stigma, legal sanctions and the associated lack of sampling frames create barriers to the probabilistic sampling of those engaged in a variety of behaviour, including illicit drug use. We used a novel sampling approach to recruit respondents into a longitudinal study examining amphetamine-type stimulant use. A young adult population was screened for lifetime drug use to create a sampling...

A complex relationship exists between illegal behavior and pathological gambling, and this relationship has significant implications in both the legal and clinical domains. Despite the importance of this relationship, relatively little research has examined illegal behavior in pathological gambling, particularly within a current gambling climate that has seen dramatic expansion over recent year...

Gambling machines serve as the principal means by which illegal games are conducted. This paper presents a method for retrieving information from seized gaming machines along with an analysis of the interpreted information to prove that the gaming machine was used illegally. The process is illustrated using a machine seized from a suspected illegal gambling operation. A detailed gambling machin...

BACKGROUND Illicit drug use is common and known to cause and exacerbate a wide spectrum of kidney disease, often leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but little is known about its prevalence or associated mortality among incident hemodialysis patients. METHODS This study is a retrospective cohort analysis using data obtained from the United States Renal Data System. We assembled a cohor...

INTRODUCTION We assessed patterns of illicit drug use using mobile health (mHealth) methods and subsequent health care indicators among drug users in Baltimore, MD. METHODS Participants of the EXposure Assessment in Current Time (EXACT) study were provided a mobile device for assessment of their daily drug use (heroin, cocaine or both), mood and social context for 30 days from November 2008 t...

Illicit drug use can result in a wide range of medical complications. As the availability, synthesis, and popularity of illicit drugs evolve over time, new syndromes associated with their use may mimic infections. Some of these symptoms are anticipated drug effects, and others are complications of adulterants mixed with drugs or complications from the method of using drugs. Some illicit drugs a...

The inadequacy of existing data on illegal immigration to the United States is described. The attempts that have been made by various government agencies and individual researchers to measure the extent and employment impact of illegal immigrants are then reviewed.