1. Ricinoleic acid is shown to be synthesized in the immature castor bean seed only after 3-4 weeks from the time of fertilization. 2. Synthesis occurs both in the isolated embryo and the endosperm. 3. Linoleic acid does not act as precursor of ricinoleic acid in the isolated bean embryo. 4. Oleic acid is shown to be the direct precursor of ricinoleic acid. 5. The reaction does not use molecula...

Immature, mature and endosperm-supported mature embryos of six triticale cultivars (BDMT-98-8S, Melez-2001, Mikham-2002, Presto, Tacettin Bey and Tatlicak-97) were cultured in vitro to compare the levels of callus induction and plant regeneration. Immature embryos, 15-18 days after anthesis, were aseptically excised and placed with the scutellum upwards on a callus culture medium consisting of ...

A Need for meat is rising day by and the production of poultry, cows, pigs fisheries reduced as there no good commercial production. Wider livestock becoming unavailable on a global scale in requisites welfare animals, ecological sustenance human health conditions. Choices cultured are being explored using innovative techniques like stem cells, Embryonic Stem Cells, Induced pluri potent cells [...

To acquiring high-quality embryos is crucial to the improvement of pregnancy rates for assisted reproductive technology (ART). But how to find a non-invasive approach to early embryo selection and improve the implantation rates from proteins in cumulus cells? Our previously study showed that acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2) protein and adenine-thymine (AT)-rich interactive domain-containing...

This study was undertaken to determine whether fully grown oocytes isolated from the early antral follicles (2-8 mm size) of frozen-thawed buffalo ovaries are viable and can be rescued to undergo maturation, fertilization, and embryo development in vitro. Ovaries were cryopreserved just after being collected during slaughter from the local abattoir using in situ oocyte (ISO) cryopreservation. I...

Biotechnology can offer useful tools to complement conventional breeding programs. The techniques of in vitro selection, that exploit phenomenon, called somaclonal variation, by screening cell cultures for resistance to herbicides, different types of stress or diseases, already helped to obtain tolerant lines of flax (Linum usitatissimum), which were used in further commercial breeding programs...

17 Introduction 18 Ovarian stimulation 20 In vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) 23 Immature sperm conception 25 Egg donation and surrogacy 28 Oocyte maturation 28 Embryo culture 30 Assisted hatching 31 Cryopreservation 32 Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) 34 Cytoplasmic donation and mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) transfer 37 Fertility preservation 39 Conclusion 41