An optical link can provide an interface channel for the focal-plane array that is immune to electromagnetic interfer ence (EMI) and can lower the heatload on the dewar. Our approach involves the use offiber-optics and an on$ocal.plane optical modulator to provide an interface to the focal-plane array (FPA). The EPA drives the modulator with an electrical signal. We evaluated specially fabricat...

Calcineurin (CaN) is a Ca2+/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM)-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase expressed in most mammalian tissues but found at higher concentration in brain. In the last decade there have been a steadily increasing number of studies identifying neuronal CaN as a primary suspect in neuronal vulnerability, synapse loss, dendritic atrophy, synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammat...

Background: Noradrenaline (NA), the principal neurotransmitter released from sympathetic nerve terminals, influences T-cell maturation, not only directly in developing T cells, but also indirectly, by acting on the thymic nonlymphoid cells. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, antiangiogenic and cytotoxic properties of propranolol, β-AR blocker,...

Golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) has become an economically important fish in China the past decade. However, Cryptocaryon irritans, a parasitic ciliate, causes considerable economic losses mariculture of T. ovatus. To characterize pathogenesis C. irritans ovatus, pathological properties, immune-related enzyme activity and expression NEMO gene was analysed. The results from histological sect...

CCR4 is recognized as a key receptor in Th2-associated immune processes, although very little is known about its role in innate immunity. Previous studies reported increased resistance to LPS-induced lethality in CCR4(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. This study demonstrates that CCR4(-/-) mice are similarly resistant to challenge with other TLR agonists, as well as bacterial peritonitis....

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive tumor in Central Nervous System in adults. Among its features, modulation of immune system stands out. Although immune system is capable of detecting and eliminating tumor cells mainly by cytotoxic T and NK cells, tumor microenvironment suppresses an effective response through recruitment of modulator cells such as regulatory T cells, monocyte-derived suppres...

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), first found in bone marrow (BM), are the structural architects of all organs, participating in most biological functions. MSCs possess tissue-specific signatures that allow their discrimination according to their origin and location. Among their multiple functions, MSCs closely interact with immune cells, orchestrating their activity to maintain overall homeost...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is caused by infectious insults, such as pneumonia from various pathogens or related to other noninfectious events. Clinical and histopathologic characteristics are similar across severely affected patients, suggesting that a common mode of immune reaction may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of ARDS. There may be etiologic substances that have an...

Peripheral lymphocytes entering brain ischemic regions orchestrate inflammatory responses, catalyze tissue death, and worsen clinical outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in preclinical studies. However, it is not known whether modulating brain inflammation can impact the outcome of patients with AIS. In this open-label, evaluator-blinded, parallel-group clinical pilot trial, we recruited 22...

The common gamma (γc)-chain cytokine interleukin 15 (IL15) is a multifunctional immune-modulator which impacts the generation, maturation and activity of many cell types of the innate, as well as the adaptive immune system, including natural killer (NK) and CD8(+) T cells. Using a new series of transgenic mice, we analyzed the in vivo potential of IL15 as an immune-regulator when available at d...