BACKGROUND Immunization during pregnancy can provide protection for mother and child. However, there have been only a limited number of studies documenting the efficacy and safety of this strategy. AIMS To determine the extent and nature of subject matter related to ethics in maternal immunization by systematically documenting the spectrum of ethical issues in vaccine studies involving pregna...

Vaccination against childhood communicable diseases through the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions available (UNICEF 2002; World Bank 1993). By reducing mortality and morbidity, vaccination can contribute substantially to achieving the Millennium Development Goal of reducing the mortality rate among children under five by two-thi...

Hepatitis B is a serious viral infection that causes thousands of deaths worldwide each year. Immunization against hepatitis B protects individuals from hepatitis B and its resulting sequelae. The World Health Organization (WHO) strongly supports the development of hepatitis B immunization programs. By protecting immunized people from infection, hepatitis B immunization programs reduce the numb...

Financial sustainability plans (FSPs) were developed by over 50 of the world's poorest countries receiving funding support from the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) to introduce new and underused vaccines, injection safety and immunization service support between 2000 and 2006. These plans were analysed with respect to the strategies selected to promote financial sustainabil...

Novel vaccine development and production has given rise to a growing number of vaccines that can prevent disease and save lives. In order to realize these health benefits, it is essential to ensure adequate immunization financing to enable equitable access to vaccines for people in all communities. This analysis estimates the full immunization program costs, projected available financing, and r...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of a hypothetical HIV vaccine and to identify the psychosocial determinants of the intention of receiving HIV immunization, based upon Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Of the 136 young adults surveyed, 120 (88%) had a moderate to high intention to receive the HIV vaccine. A logistic regression was performed and two psychosocial f...

Vaccines offer the most cost-effective approach to controlling infectious diseases. Access to vaccines remains unequal and suboptimal, particularly in poorer developing countries. Introduction of new vaccines and long-term sustainability of immunization programs will require proactive planning from conception to implementation. International and national coordination efforts as well as local an...

Background. Obtaining baseline data about current patterns of work is important for assessing the effects of interventions designed to improve care delivery. Time and motion studies allow for the most accurate measurement of structured components. Therefore, the present study was conducted to study the operational efficiency of an immunization clinic in Delhi, India. Methods. An observational c...

BACKGROUND Current health economic evaluation guidelines mainly concentrate on immediate health gains and cost savings for the individual involved in the intervention. However, it has been argued that these guidelines are too narrow to capture the full impact of vaccination in low and middle income countries. The inclusion of broader economic impact of vaccines (BEIV) has therefore been propose...