The introduction of several immunosuppressive agents over the past decade has reduced the rate of acute rejection significantly and has improved short-term renal allograft survival. However, their impact on long-term outcomes remains unclear. Current immunosuppressive strategies are focused on improving long-term graft and patient survival along with maintaining allograft function. The approval...

Transplant medicine has seen many innovations over past decades and continues to evolve into the 21st century. Newer immunosuppressive strategies in renal transplantation are associated with better patient and graft survival rates; however, the adverse toxicities and long-term side effects associated with these agents present a number of challenges. Certain immunosuppressants are commonly used ...

Twelve novel N-dialkylphosphoryliminosugar derivatives were synthesized and their immunosuppressive activities were evaluated on the proliferation of the mouse splenocytes and the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4. The experimental data demonstrated that the iminosugars with the double long alkyl chains exhibited better inhibitory effects than those with the single long alkyl chain, and the iminosuga...

The spread of certain diseases can be promoted, in some cases substantially, by prior infection with another disease. One example is that of HIV, whose immunosuppressant effects significantly increase the chances of infection with other pathogens. Such coinfection processes, when combined with nontrivial structure in the contact networks over which diseases spread, can lead to complex patterns ...

Some diazoacetyl derivatives of glycine known as antitumor and immunosuppressive agents have been found to be powerful mutagens of the base substitution type.

results it was found that the positive hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), the high baseline hbv dna level, the positive hepatitis b virus e antigen (hbeag), and an absent or low hepatitis b surface antibody (hbsab) titer prior to starting treatment are the most important viral risk factors. furthermore, rituximab, anthracycline, and different types of tnf-α inhibitors were identified as the h...