This paper builds an economic model of referee behavior in the National Hockey League using period-specific, in-game data. Recognizing that referees are influenced by a desire for perceived fairness, this model isolates situations where a referee is more likely to call a penalty on one team. While prior research has focused on a systematic bias in favor of the home team, we find that referee bi...

Following a long-standing philosophical tradition, impartiality is a distinctive and determining feature of moral judgments, especially in matters of distributive justice. This broad ethical tradition was revived in welfare economics by Vickrey, and above all, Harsanyi, under the form of the so-called Impartial Observer Theorem. The paper offers an analytical reconstruction of this argument and...

Abstract We take the axiomatic approach to uncover structure of revenue-sharing problem from broadcasting sports leagues. formalize two notions impartiality, depending on stance one takes with respect revenue generated in games involving each pair teams. show that resulting axioms lead towards broad categories rules, when combined additivity and some other basic axioms. complement those results...

Conflict of Interest: 17 All authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the 18 impartiality of the research reported 19 Funding: This work was partially supported by the award of a research scholarship by the Vietnamese 20 Government to Cuong V Doung. 21 22 23 24 Page 1 of 29 Accepted Preprint first posted on 8 October 2012 as Manuscript ERC-12-...