Scaling-up and -down of conventional ideal lab-scale catalytic reactors often introduces strong nonidealities in the flow field which may drastically affect the expected reactor performances and effectiveness. Computational fluid-dynamic (CFD) analysis is required to assess the extent of such nonidealities. In the case of reactive systems, and in particular in the case of heterogeneous catalyti...

The particle size control of drug is one of the most important factors affecting the efficiency of the nano-drug production in confined liquid impinging jets. In the present research, for this investigation the confined liquid impinging jet was used to produce nanoparticles of Carbamazepine. The effects of several parameters such as concentration, solution and anti-solvent flow rate and solvent...

“Ignition/extinction” phenomena and steady-state multiplicity were discovered in an autohumidi$cation polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. At steady state, the water produced by the fuel cell reaction is balanced by water removal by the 7owing reactant gas streams. Ignition, corresponding to a high fuel cell current, arises from positive feedback between the water produced by the reaction an...

−− A steady state model of an anaerobic methanogenic biofilm reactor-module that accounts for the biological interactions of four microbial groups, ionic equilibrium in solution, gas-liquid transfer phenomena and biofilm processes is presented. The model consists of a continuous stirred tank reactor type that allocates an inert support material, whose specific surface is taken into account. The...

We report the synthesis of cerium oxide, cobalt oxide, mixed cerium, and cobalt oxides and a Ce-Co/Al₂O₃ membrane, which are employed as catalysts for the catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) reaction process and the removal of formaldehyde from industrial effluents. Formaldehyde is present in numerous waste streams from the chemical industry in a concentration low enough to make its recovery not econ...

Laser-activated membrane introduction mass spectrometry (LAMIMS), a high-throughput screening method, evaluates heterogeneous catalysts under realistic reactor conditions. It is a precise, versatile system requiring no moving parts. The catalyst array is supported on carbon paper overlaid upon a silicone rubber membrane configured in a variation of membrane introduction mass spectrometry as int...

Photocatalytic oxidation makes use of light of appropriate frequency to activate a catalyst. In the presence of water on the surface of the catalyst, rates of some photocatalytic reactions are slowed. Microwaves are known for an ability to couple with water. Herein a photocatalytic reactor system was integrated with a waveguide allowing for concurrent application of microwaves and photocatalysi...

+ − + + + → + H 2 O H NO O 5 . 1 NH 2 2 2 4 (1) In the SHARON (Single reactor High activity Ammonia Removal Over Nitrite) process, partial nitrification is establishing by working at high temperature (about 35°C) and maintaining an appropriate sludge retention time (SRT). The SHARON reactor is operated as a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR, chemostat) without biomass retention, so the sl...

The combined SHARON-Anammox process for treating wastewater streams with high ammonia concentration is discussed. Partial nitritation in the SHARON reactor should be performed to such an extent that an Anammox-optimal nitrite:ammonium ratio is generated. The SHARON process is typically applied to sludge digestion rejection water in order to relieve the ammonium load recycled to the main plant. ...