4.1 Methods of fracture stabilization 17 4.2 Nonoperative fracture management 17 4.2.1 Fracture healing without treatment 4.2.2 Conservative treatment of fractures 4.3 Surgical fixation with relative stability 19 4.3.1 Mechanics of techniques of relative stability 4.3.2 Implants 4.3.3 Mechanobiology of indirect or secondary fracture healing 4.4 Surgical fixation with absolute stability 22 4.4.1...

The concept of absolute anchorage has been the topic of extensive investigations in orthodontics. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons who receive referrals for surgical placement of orthodontic anchorage devices need to understand the principles underlying this concept and develop a customized surgical protocol for ideal placement of the implants. Detailed and coordinated communications with referr...

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a nonneoplastic lesion of the oral mucosa arising on the buccal or lingual attached gingiva or alveolar mucosa and the crest of the edentulous alveolar ridge and contains numerous giant cells. This case series describes 3 cases regarding the clinical and surgical management of PGCG associated with dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case serie...

Presence or absence of a minimal zone of keratinized tissue around dental implants has been a matter of controversy. However, a consensus exists that a thick zone of keratinized zone around implants provides a prosthetic friendly environment, facilitates precise prosthetic procedures, allows oral hygiene maintenance, resists recession, and enhances esthetic blending. The aim of the present case...

The aim of vertical augmentation of the alveolar ridge is to restore resorbed alveolar ridges. This technique is critical to the placement of dental implants in a favorable position and the enhancement of restoration esthetics. The present report describes a technique for surgical preservation of the anterior maxillary process using maxillary bone from the surgical site and raising a soft tissu...

Purpose: The purpose of this report is to present a reliable surgical and prosthodontic protocol for the treatment of the atrophic maxilla by placing four zygomatic implants. Materials and Methods: The surgical and prosthodontic procedures are described for the retreatment of a 63-year-old female patient who had previously undergone an iliac crest bone graft transplant, which had resorbed. Resu...

Subperiosteal implants used to be prescribed to partially and fully edentulous patients to restore occlusion and esthetics prior to the emergence of the more successful endosseous implants that are used today. Because subperiosteal implants had a high incidence of failure, difficulty of placement, and post-operative complications, the use of subperiosteal implants declined significantly. Howeve...

Immediate loading of oral implants is an established concept for lower jaw restoration using four intraforaminal implants splinted together with a bar. There is a lot of misunderstanding in the literature and not exact definition of the term "immediate loading." Moreover, the number of implants to restore edentulous jaws is relatively high to compensate for the loading forces and dependent on t...

PURPOSE The purpose of this report is to present a reliable surgical and prosthodontic protocol for the treatment of the atrophic maxilla by placing four zygomatic implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS The surgical and prosthodontic procedures are described for the retreatment of a 63-year-old woman who had previously undergone an iliac crest bone graft transplant, which had resorbed. RESULTS It ...

Successful implant treatment includes osseointegration as well as prosthetically optimal positions of the implants for esthetics and function. Computer-assisted oral implant surgery offers several advantages over the traditional approach. The purpose of this report was to evaluate a complex case of a 28-year-old female patient who lost all her teeth as a result of a aggressive periodontal disea...