Research consistently shows that adults engaged in tutored acquisition benefit from explicit instruction several linguistic domains. For preschool children, it is often assumed such does not make a difference. In the present study, we investigated whether affected young learners acquiring morpho-syntactic element. A total of 103 Dutch-speaking kindergartners (M = 5;7) received training miniatur...

Introduction The idea that children learn languages implicitly, whereas adults must consciously use explicit strategies to learn a second language (L2), is common in second language acquisition (Ellis, 2005; DeKeyser & Larson-Hall, 2005). Implicit vs. explicit learning processes have been used to explain greater variation in outcomes for adult L2 learners than for child L2 learners. Existing li...

Two experiments were carried out to examine how adult readers of English learn to acquire the orthographic structure and function of Chinese characters selected from reading material in their first-semester college course in Chinese. The first experiment, an online lexical decision task, demonstrated that the learners qtiickly acquired knowledge about the orthographic structure of the character...

In contrast to native language acquisition, adult second-language (L2) acquisition occurs under highly variable learning conditions. Although most adults acquire their L2 at least partially through explicit instruction, as in a classroom setting, many others acquire their L2 primarily through implicit exposure, as is typical of an immersion environment. Whether these differences in acquisition ...

The notion that different aspects of memory are assessed by explicit and implicit memory tests was supported by behavioral and electrophysiological results. In a study-test procedure, 24 subjects were instructed to remember some words and to forget other words. Free recall and cued recall were better for words associated with the remember instruction, whereas directed forgetting did not influen...

Three experiments address the dependence of both explicit and implicit memory performance on elaborative processes for a perceptual-motor task, pursuit rotor. Explicit memory performance was reflected by recognition of previously encountered pursuit rotor stimuli. Implicit memory performance (priming) was identified in Experiment 1 as an advantage in pursuit rotor performance for old stimuli th...

This paper weighs the implications of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research and practice for Speech and Language Technology in Education (SLaTE). It describes the different psychological processes of implicit learning, explicit learning, and explicit instruction, and reviews educational research into the benefits and limitations of each. It considers how SLA differs from first language acq...