although explicit and implicit knowledge of language learners are essential to theoretical and pedagogical debates in second language acquisition (sla), little research has addressed the effects of instructional interventions on the two knowledge types (r. ellis, 2005).this study examined the relative effectiveness of explicit and implicit types of form-focused instruction (ffi) on the acquisit...

The task of implicit discourse relation classification has received increased attention in recent years, including two CoNNL shared tasks on the topic. Existing machine learning models for the task train on sections 2-21 of the PDTB and test on section 23, which includes a total of 761 implicit discourse relations. In this paper, we’d like to make a methodological point, arguing that the standa...

Discourse relations between text segments can be explicitly marked using discourse connectors (e.g., because), but by far not all discourse relations are marked explicitly. However, people are usually able to infer the intended relation. What kinds of cues do people rely on? Could they in principle use structural cues from the preceding discourse to anticipate upcoming discourse relations? This...

Explicit measures of human memory, such as recall or recognition, reflect conscious recollection of the past. Implicit tests of retention measure transfer (or priming) from past experience on tasks that do not require conscious recollection of recent experiences for their performance. The article reviews research on the relation between explicit and implicit memory. The evidence points to subst...

The somatic marker hypothesis posits that autonomic activity occurring in response to specific stimuli aids in implicit learning, the learning of information without explicit awareness of what has been learned. This study investigated whether respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a measure of autonomic nervous system activity, predicted changes in implicit learning. The interaction of resting RSA...

Implicit measures are often preferred to overt questioning in many areas of psychology. Their covert nature allows them to circumvent conscious expectations and biases, theoretically providing more objective indicators of people’s true attitudes and beliefs. However, we argue that implicit and explicit measures tap into different memory systems, so that the interpretation of implicit measures i...

BACKGROUND More empirical work is needed to examine the dimensionality of personal epistemology and relations between those dimensions and motivational and strategic components of self-regulated learning. In particular, there is great need to investigate personal epistemology and its relation to self-regulated learning across cultures and academic contexts. Because the demarcation between perso...

This paper presents a generative model for the automatic discovery of relations between entities in electronic medical records. The model discovers relation instances and their types by determining which context tokens express the relation. Additionally, the valid semantic classes for each type of relation are determined. We show that the model produces clusters of relation trigger words which ...

  In this paper imprecise target models has been proposed to investigate the relation between imprecise data envelopment analysis (IDEA) and mini-max reference point formulations. Through these models, the decision makers' preferences are involved in interactive trade-off analysis procedures in multiple objective linear programming with imprecise data. In addition, the gradient projection type...

In this paper, employing the common property ($E.A$), we prove a common fixed theorem for weakly compatible mappings via an implicit relation in Intuitionistic fuzzy metric space. Our results generalize the results of S. Kumar [S. Kumar, {it Common fixed point theorems in Intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces using property (E.A)}, J. Indian Math. Soc., 76 (1-4) (2009), 94--103] and C. Alaca et al...