using economic sanctions as an instrument to prevent proliferation of weapon of mass destruction in foreign policy is expanding today.to understand the role of nonproliferation of weapon of mass destruction in foreign policy of great powers and in imposing sanctions by security council particularly us and eu, bases of various literature structures especially study on international relations the...

Our review of the evidence found that the notion that higher pay leads to the selection of better executives is undermined by the prevalence of poor recruiting methods. Moreover, higher pay fails to promote better performance. Instead, it undermines the intrinsic motivation of executives, inhibits their learning, leads them to ignore other stakeholders, and discourages them from considering the...

Notwithstanding the important role non-executive directors’ play in corporate governance and the increasing attention they receive from regulators, research on non-executives is still in its infancy. UK Corporate Governance Code does not specify how the roles of non-executive directors should be carried out, but yet the importance of such roles is crucial to the notion of governance. In conjunc...

In this study, we focus on the impact of senior executives' industry backgrounds on the amount of capital raised in the stock market. The primary contribution of the study entails applying the upper echelon theory to the initial public offering (IPO) phenomenon. Specifically, we hypothesize that the industry backgrounds of corporate executives affect the amount of capital that the firm raised i...

This chapter explores the relationship between two components of our healthcare system: physicians, representing all providers of direct care, and hospital executives, referring to those with administrative responsibilities, regulatory obligations, and resource control. Currently, there is a wide gulf, or gap, representing an adversarial interaction. Over the past 50 years, there have been dram...