The spikes of alphaviruses are composed of three copies of an E2-E1 heterodimer. The E1 protein possesses membrane fusion activity, and the E2 protein, or its precursor form, p62 (sometimes called PE2), controls this function. Both proteins are, together with the viral capsid protein, translated from a common C-p62-E1 coding unit. In an earlier study, we showed that the p62 protein of Semliki F...

Study Design Retrospective case series. Purpose To correlate functional outcomes with spinopelvic parameters in patients with high-grade spondylolisthesis (HGS) treated with instrumented in-situ surgery or reduction and fusion. Overview of Literature Satisfactory functional outcomes are reported with reduction and in-situ fusion strategies in HGS. However, reasons for this are unclear. We h...

in this paper we investigate a new notion of bases in hilbert spaces and similarto fusion frame theory we introduce fusion bases theory in hilbert spaces. we also introducea new denition of fusion dual sequence associated with a fusion basis and show that theoperators of a fusion dual sequence are continuous projections. next we dene the fusionbiorthogonal sequence, bessel fusion basis, hilbe...

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic malignancy characterized by the presence ofPhiladelphia (Ph1) chromosome that results from balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosomes9 and 22 leading in the formation of bcr/abl fusion gene. The present study was conducted to evaluate cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities in CML patients at presentation and during the co...

Vacuole SNAREs, including the t-SNAREs Vam3p and Vam7p and the v-SNARE Nyv1p, are found in a multisubunit "cis" complex on isolated organelles. We now identify the v-SNAREs Vti1p and Ykt6p by mass spectrometry as additional components of the immunoisolated vacuolar SNARE complex. Immunodepletion of detergent extracts with anti-Vti1p removes all the Ykt6p that is in a complex with Vam3p, immunod...

Vacuole fusion requires a coordinated cascade of priming, docking, and fusion. SNARE proteins have been implicated in the fusion itself, although their precise role in the cascade remains unclear. We now report that the vacuolar SNAP-23 homologue Vam7p is a mobile element of the SNARE complex, which moves from an initial association with the cis-SNARE complex via a soluble intermediate to the d...

SNARE complexes are required for membrane fusion in the endomembrane system. They contain coiled-coil bundles of four helices, three (Q(a), Q(b), and Q(c)) from target (t)-SNAREs and one (R) from the vesicular (v)-SNARE. NSF/Sec18 disrupts these cis-SNARE complexes, allowing reassembly of their subunits into trans-SNARE complexes and subsequent fusion. Studying these reactions in native yeast v...

cis-SNARE complexes (anchored in one membrane) are disassembled by Sec17p (alpha-SNAP) and Sec18p (NSF), permitting the unpaired SNAREs to assemble in trans. We now report a direct assay of trans-SNARE complex formation during yeast vacuole docking. SNARE complex assembly and fusion is promoted by high concentrations of the SNARE Vam7p or Nyv1p or by addition of HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuo...