The United States stands virtually alone among leading industrialized nations in its heavy and increasing reliance on the private insurance sector to intermediate health care for its residents. The assumption underlying this system is that fierce competition among private insurers yields more efficient outcomes, broadly writ (Alain C. Enthoven 1978). However, a comprehensive survey on the state...

Unlike perfect competitive markets, in oligopoly electricity markets due to strategic producers and transmission constraints GenCos may increase their own profit through strategic biddings. This paper investigates the problem of developing optimal bidding strategies of GenCos considering participants’ market power and transmission constraints. The problem is modeled as a bi-level optimizati...

estimation (forecasting) of industrial production costs is one of the most important factor affecting decisions in the highly competitive markets. thus, accuracy of the estimation is highly desirable. hibrid regression neural network is an approach proposed in this paper to obtain better fitness in comparison with regression analysis and the neural network methods. comparing the estimated resul...