Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) is one of the most frequently mutated human tumor suppressor genes, implicated in cell growth and survival and suppressing tumor formation. Loss of PTEN activity, either at the protein or genomic level, has been related to many primary and metastatic malignancies including breast cancer. The present study investigates the heterozyg...

We develop an approach to utilize anisotropic metamaterials to solve one of the fundamental problems of modern plasmonics--parasitic scattering of surface waves into free-space modes, opening the road to truly two-dimensional plasmonic optics. We illustrate the developed formalism on the examples of plasmonic refractor and plasmonic crystal, and discuss limitations of the developed technique an...

Surveying the literature, the frequency distribution of single-locus heterozygosity among protein loci was examined in 95 vertebrate and 34 invertebrate species with the aim of testing the validity of the mutation-drift hypothesis. This distribution did not differ significantly from that expected under the mutation-drift hypothesis for any of the species examined when tested by the Kolmogorov-S...

population of vimba vimba persa was investigated using microsatellite markers originated from two regions along the iranian coastline of southern caspian sea (anzali lagoon and havigh river in gilan province). totally 153 alleles were identified. the highest number of alleles per ca3 loci was 17 and the lowest 3 in z8145 loci with means of 7.6. observed and expected heterozygosity averages were...

The outcome of sexual selection on males may depend on female mate choice and male-male competition as well as postcopulatory processes such as cryptic female choice and sperm competition. We studied the outcome of sexual selection in the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum), specifically examining the role of body size and relatedness on male reproductive success. Using controlled mating e...

AIM The present study was thus undertaken to analyze the genetic diversity of Kilakarsal and Vembur sheep breeds using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers within Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, 5, 6, 9, and 10 genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based end-point genotyping was performed using real-time PCR to type the SNPs. Allele discr...

Secale montanum is one of the important perennial grasses growingnaturally in arid to semiarid pastures and rangelands, with a typical Mediterraneanclimate, in northern and western Iran at altitudes of 800-2900 m. In this paper, seedstorage protein profiles of nine wild populations of S. montanum from differentregions of Iran and their phenotypically superior progenies as well as a multi-origin...

Information on the genetic structure of marine species is essential for stock improvement programs. In orderto analyses the genetic diversity of the Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricte) by the microsatellite geneticmethod, 64 samples were caught from the beaches located in Kish and Qeshm islands. Polymerase chainreactions (PCR) of genomic DNA extracted from the samples wer...

conclusions this study revealed allele frequency of some strs on chromosome 12 and 16 for the first time in iran, and indicated differences between subjects with metabolic syndrome and subjects in the control group. results there was no significant deviation in allelic frequencies from hardy-weinberg equilibrium for all the studied markers except for d12s1632 and d12s329. the long alleles in d1...