The relationship between carbon isotope discrimination (131) of C3 vegetation and long-term (30 years) and short-term (growing period) precipitation was investigated. Different species of Stipa, a dominant grass genus in the (semi-)arid Asian steppes, and other C3 species were collected along aridity gradients in Inner Mongolia in 2005 (11 sites, 71 samples) and in the Republic of Mongolia in 2...

investigations in recent decades have shown an unexpected increase in aerosol concentrations in metropolitan and industrialized regions. it was sometimes followed by heat islands and probably decreases in precipitation due to an inadvertent cloud overseeding process. particle pollutants act like small cloud condensation nuclei in which they form large collections of small droplets in cloud. col...

in this research, for synchronization analysis of black sea high pressure with daily precipitation in iran data base have been created with using the sea level pressure data in reanalysis ii database in national centers for environmental prediction(ncep)/national center for atmospheric research(ncar). temporal resolution of data is daily and spatial resolution is 2.5 㗠2.5 degrees of arc. fram...

during recent years, a series of climate projections provided for surface temperature increase and precipitation changes over the next century in various time slices. national institutes are using downscaling projections for more precise results. in this research study, various climate change projections in global, continental, regional and local scales have been examined in special forest ecos...

The correspondence between five precipitation products, including CMORPH, GPCP-2, TRMM 3B43, GPCC, and ITPCAS, and ground-based measurements of precipitation were evaluated on annual, seasonal, and monthly scales during 2000-2014 in the Qinling-Daba Mountains over China, which is a significant area with vital value of climate and hydrology. Performances of the precipitation products in the rela...

introduction the knowledge about spatial variability of precipitation is a key issue for regionalization in hydro-climatic studies. measurements of meteorological parameters by the traditional methods require a dense rain gauge network. but, due to the topography and cost problems, it is not possible to create such a network in practice. in these cases the spatial distribution pattern of precip...

The high spatial and temporal variability of precipitation poses a substantial challenge to its global monitoring, particularly over the global oceans. The insufficient coverage of surface-based measurements adds to this problem. These data-sparse areas profit from passive microwave (PMW) satellite sensors, which essentially contribute to the estimation of global long-term precipitation estimat...

In the present study, a modelling approach based on Geographical Information Systems (GIS) analysis is presented with the aim of identifying the influence of environmental parameters on three genera, namely, Tortula, Grimmia and Bryum as representatives of Iranian bryoflora. By using ArcGIS Desktop, we produced a model for environmental variables include altitude, precipitation, temperature and...

In this paper trends of precipitation and stream flow are analyzed in the Atrak River basin in the North Khorasan province. Normal score linear regression, Mann-Kendall, and Seasonal Kendall trend tests were adopted. Three precipitation variables and two stream flow variables including total precipitation, maximum daily precipitation, and number of rainy days, mean discharge and peak discharge ...