Edgar Allen identified and outlined the role of female sex hormones [2] and discovered estrogen [3] in the early 1900s in the US. In 1923, Allen, through his research with mice, isolated the primary ovarian hormone [4], later renamed estrogen [3], from ovarian follicles and tested its effect through injections in the uterine tissues of mice. Allen's work on estrogen [3], enabled researchers to ...

Using data from the 1980–2001 Consumer Expenditure Surveys, we investigate how impending widowhood affects households’ expenditure patterns. We find that total annual expenditures are $4,027 higher for about-to-be-widowed households compared to otherwise comparable continuously married couples. Within subcategories, expenditures average $4,108 higher for the miscellaneous subcategory which incl...

The National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling (NATSEM) at the University of Canberra is actively developing models which will provide improved estimates of current and future accumulated superannuation entitlements, assets, and superannuation contributions. This paper describes three initiatives likely to be of interest to the superannuation industry. The first is a pathbreaking model o...