In recent years, a major growth area in applied natural language processing has been the application of automated techniques to massive datasets in order to answer questions about society, and by extension people. Sociolinguistics, which combines anthropology, statistics and linguistics (e.g. Labov 1994, 2001), studies linguistic data in order to answer key questions about the relationship of l...

A core finding of sociolinguistic research is that phonological changes may become subject to social evaluation as they propagate through a speech community. Much work has analyzed the social evaluation of innovations by categorizing them in terms of their salience, or the degree of stigma/prestige attached to them. However, recent studies have attempted to develop a more sophisticated understa...

It is suggested in this paper that t w o l e v e l morphology theory (Kay, Koskenniemi) can be extended to include morphological tone. This extension treats phonological features as I/O tapes for Finite State Transducers in a parallel sequential incrementation (PSI) architecture; phonological processes (e.g. assimilation) are seen as variants of an elementary unification operation over feature ...

We present empirical evidence that long-term evolutionary dynamics fall into three distinct classes, depending on whether adaptive evolutionary activity is absent (class 1), bounded (class 2), or unbounded (class 3). These classes are de ned using three statistics: diversity, new evolutionary activity (Bedau & Packard 1992), and mean cumulative evolutionary activity (Bedau et al. 1997). The thr...

Approximate counting is an algorithm proposed by R. Morris which makes it possible to keep approximate counts of large numbers in small counters. The algorithm is useful for gathering statistics of a large number of events as well as for applications related to data compression (Todd et al.). We provide here a complete analysis of approximate counting which establishes good convergence properti...

In this paper we demonstrate an approach to model structure and behavior of distributed systems, to map those models to a lightweight execution engine by using a functional programming language and to systematically define and execute tests for these models within the same technology. This is a prerequisite for a smooth integration of model based development into an agile method. The novelty of...

The folding/unfolding equilibrium of the R-spectrin SH3 domain has been measured by NMRdetected hydrogen/deuterium exchange and by differential scanning calorimetry. Protection factors against exchange have been obtained under native conditions for more than half of the residues in the domain. Most protected residues are located at the â-strands, the short 310 helix, and part of the long RT loo...

Heteronuclear 3D and 4D NMR experiments have been used to obtain 'H, 13C, and 15N backbone chemical shift assignments in Ca2+-loaded calmodulin complexed with a 26-residue synthetic peptide (M13) corresponding to the calmodulin-binding domain (residues 577-602) of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin light-chain kinase. Comparison of the chemical shift values with those observed in peptide-free calmod...

ion configuration Chassis connects 4 wheels etc ... cost<60000 British Saloon Jaguar block valves Fig. 1. Structure and Re-Use can be con gured. [6] has examined the means by which feature requirements models can be built and validated by the client. This paper is concerned with the con guration issues. We show that the method by which we compose each feature with the standard telephone behavio...

The present paper presents an anaphoric account of presupposition. It is argued that presuppositional expressions should not be seen as referring expressions, nor is presupposition to be explicated in terms of some non-standard logic. The notion of presupposition should not be relegated to a pragmatic theory either. Instead presuppositional expressions are claimed to be anaphoric expressions wh...