Barely 15 years after the 2008 financial crisis and in a context of rising nationalism, regional organizations are facing multiple challenges. This article introduces an analytical framework that systematizes stressors identifies characteristics might help to cope with stress. It draws on psychological models how individuals stress explore grapple sequence situations. Stress factors can aggrava...

The well-known question whether regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the multilateral trading system (MTS) are “strangers, friends, or foes” (Bhagwati and Panagariya, 1996) has gained new importance with the widespread proliferation of RTAs in recent years. Based on an extensive data set which covers most of world trade over the past 60 years and about 240 regional trade agreements, we analyze ...

The well-known question whether regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the multilateral trading system (MTS) are “strangers, friends, or foes” (Bhagwati and Panagariya, 1996) has gained new importance with the widespread proliferation of RTAs in recent years. Based on an extensive data set which covers most of world trade over the past 60 years and about 240 regional trade agreements, we analyze ...

Public policy decisions are increasingly made by regional governance efforts that involve diverse decision makers from multiple government units within a geographic region. These decision-making bodies face competing pressures to represent regional and local interests. We study how decision makers balance preferences for regionalism and localism within metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs)...

The American continent has seen the emergence of regional processes in last 30 years, characterized by new blocs, but also quite different projects. Faced with global and dynamics observed decade 2010, this article argues that regionalism Americas experienced a wave recent which we characterize as Liquid Regionalism, given fluidity, informality limited institutional design Furthermore, introduc...

Motivated by the proliferation of free trade agreements (FTAs) in Asia over the last decade, this paper studies the challenges faced by the Asian “noodle bowl”—overlapping, multiple trade rules, regulations, and standards in Asia—in the process of regional and global trade integration. The paper first highlights the importance of trade and investment linkages among Asian economies that have for...

Bridging the Pacific provides an image of two separate regions which share Rim, becoming connected in multiple aspects, not limited to a predominantly economic interconnection. This image, thus, points toward constructive mechanism work resolution over-arching global issue, including climate change. and method for its practical implementation are suggested by Forum East Asia Latin America Coope...