A document conveys information using multiple modalities, including text, layout/style and images. For example, journal articles usually have figures to illustrate experimental results, and the title in a journal article usually has a different font size than the body text. Indexing and retrieval using only text is the traditional way of IR (Information Retrieval). With the development of the I...

This paper gives an overview of current trends in manual indexing on the Web. Along with a general rise of user generated content there are more and more tagging systems that allow users to annotate digital resources with tags (keywords) and share their annotations with other users. Tagging is frequently seen in contrast to traditional knowledge organization systems or as something completely n...

This paper gives an overview of current trends in manual indexing on the Web. Along with a general rise of user generated content there are more and more tagging systems that allow users to annotate digital resources with tags (keywords) and share their annotations with other users. Tagging is frequently seen in contrast to traditional knowledge organization systems or as something completely n...

The paper provides evidence that spatial indexing structures offer faster resolution of Formal Concept Analysis queries than B-Tree/Hash methods. We show that many Formal Concept Analysis operations, computing the contingent and extent sizes as well as listing the matching objects, enjoy improved performance with the use of spatial indexing structures such as the RD-Tree. Speed improvements can...

Object-relational database management systems allow users to define complex data types, such as objects, collections, and nested tables. Unfortunately, most commercially available database systems do not support either efficient querying or indexing of complex attributes. Different indexing schemes for complex data types have been proposed in the literature so far, most of them being applicatio...

The phenomenal increase in the amounts of audio (and multimedia) data being generated, processed, and used in several computer applications have necessitated the development of audio (and multimedia) database systems with newer features such as content-based queries and similarity searches to manage and use such data. Example applications of audio databases are in digital libraries, entertainme...