This paper provides a framework for evaluating and comparing country transport policies to understand the extent to which these are being altered to cope with aging societies. Using the framework, transport policy documents of six countries in the industrialized world were analyzed and compared. A deliberate effort is made in the selection of countries to draw lessons from the comparative evalu...

Keith Sill is a senior economist in the Research Department of the Philadelphia Fed. Our economy has become increasingly global. We import and export more than ever before. Yet, three facts about international financial transactions, when taken together, pose a puzzle. First, financial capital moves freely across country borders, at least in the case of the developed countries. Returns on simil...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is one of the most common causes of acute liver diseases in humans worldwide. In developing countries, HEV is commonly associated with waterborne outbreaks. Conversely, in industrialized countries, HEV infection is often associated with travel to endemic regions or ingestion of contaminated animal products. Limited information on both, human and anim...

International climate policy has assigned the leading role in emissions abatement to the industrialized countries while developing countries remain uncommitted to binding emission reduction targets. However, cooperation between the industrialized and the developing world through joint implementation of emission abatement promises substantial economic gains to both parties. In this context, the ...

Many analysts believe that adverse climate changes in the form of global warming are— or soon will be—under way as the result of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. (See the box entitled “What Is Global Warming?”) The largest such source of these gases is carbon dioxide (CO2) resulting from the growing consumption of fossil fuels (petroleum products, natural gas, and coal). Consequentl...

This article presents the incidence of female breast cancer in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and reviews the data in relation to established reproductive factors. Overall 4480 female breast cancer cases were diagnosed during 1998-2002 among GCC country nationals. Breast cancer was the most common malignancy in all GCC countries, ranging from 16.1% of female cancers in Oman to 35....

Latin America is facing a rapid increase in internet use along with fast growing computer sales. Penetration with electronic equipment is in some countries approaching the level of industrialized countries. There is an evident need to resolve the management of “end-of-life” computers and other electronic equipment. Several studies in Latin America assessed the increasing e-waste quantities and ...

Why did Finland experience in 1991-93 the deepest recession observed in an industrialized country since the 1930s? Using a dynamic general equilibrium model with labor frictions, we argue that the collapse of the Soviet-Finnish trade was a major contributor to the contraction. Finland’s experience mirrors that of the transition economies of Eastern Europe, which suffered similar deep recessions...

Burgess and Steenkamp (2006) have pointed out that marketing knowledge derives almost exclusively from research conducted in high income, industrialized countries. However, the generalizability of marketing knowledge should also be tested in emerging markets. We demonstrate that returns on customer orientation and organizational innovativeness play out differently in New versus Old Europe. Cont...