Identification of the receptor-destroying enzyme of influenza C virus as a specific neuraminate O-acetylesterase has suggested that 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid is an essential component of the cell surface receptor of influenza C virus (Herrler, G., Rott, R., Klenk, H.-D., Muller, H.-P., Shukla, A. K., and Schauer, R. (1985) EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 4, 1503-1506). In this report,...

Background and Aims: Influenza A viruses are important pathogens for humans especially in pandemic episodes. Two adamantane derivates, amantadine and rimantadine, are used for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A virus infections. However, single amino acid substitutions in the M2 transmembrane domain which lead to amantadine resistance of these viruses occur at residues 26, 27, 30, 31 or 3...

Influenza is a highly contagious zoonotic disease in the world. Avian H9N2 influenza virus is a significant pandemic pathogen widely distributed throughout the world. Pet ownership has been documented as a risk factor for infection transmission to human. Considering major public health concern, the prevalence of antibodies against avian H9N2 influenza virus was evaluated in 170 serum samples of...

influenza a virus is now considered to be widespread in poultry and has demonstrated the ability to infect humans in iran. for laboratory diagnosis of these respiratory viruses, it is essential to have rapid methods, able to detect viruses in early stages of the infection in clinical specimens. the real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction n (rrt-pcr) assay has been established ...

conclusions the prevalence of pandemic influenza viruses in recent years has caused financial losses as well as mortalities around the world. this shows the importance of the rapid diagnosis of common serotypes in our society. using real-time rt-pcr is recommended for the early diagnosis and the rapid identification of the individuals infected with pandemic influenza virus. background timely di...

results out of 253 cases confirmed for influenza a (h1n1), 9 women and 11men had died. amongst these cases the minimum and maximum age was3.5 and90 years, respectively. also, from the 20 confirmed cases of influenza a (h1n1) that had died, 16 cases had at least one underlying disease. conclusions there was no significant association between mortality of confirmed cases of influenza a (h1n1) and...

background and aims: the novel approaches in influenza vaccination have targeted more conserved viral proteins such as nucleoprotein (np) to provide cross protection against all serotypes of influenza a viruses. influenza specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) are able to lyse influenza-infected cells by recognition of np, the major target molecule in virus for ctl responses. on the other hand,...

Avian influenza H9N2 subtype viruses have had a great impact on Iranian industrial poultry production economy since introduction in the country. To approach Rapid and precise identification of this viruses as control measures in poultry industry, a real time probe base assay was developed to directly detect a specific influenza virus of H9N2 subtype -instead of general detection of Influenza A ...

A number of different influenza C virus strains were tested for their fusion properties using a resonance energy assay which allows direct monitoring of fusion between virus membranes and artificial lipid vesicles. The fusion pH of various strains was found to range between 5.6 and 6.1. Haemolytic activity of the different strains with chicken erythrocytes was observed at slightly lower pH valu...