The Dulcamaroid clade of Solanum contains 45 species of mostly vining or weakly scandent species, including the common circumboreal weed Solanum dulcamara L. The group comprises members of the previously recognised infrageneric groupings sect. Andropedas Rusby, sect. Californisolanum A. Child, sect. Dulcamara (Moench) Dumort., sect. Holophylla (G.Don) Walp., sect. Jasminosolanum (Bitter) Seithe...

The genus Cheilosia (Diptera: Syrphidae: Rhingiini) of Nepal is reviewed. We recorded 37 species Cheilosia, which 29 are described here. Twenty-six the new classified to a subgenus: (Cheilosia) angusta sp. nov., C. (C.) falcata hauseri maculata pica pilivena spinosa spuria weiperti (Montanocheila) albipicta (M.) alpha brevimontana gilva minuscula nigella pernigra picta (Floccocheila) collis (F....

trifolium species and cultivars are considered important forage crops iran , growing throughout the country. the present article considered the karyotypic details of trvulim taxa using multivariate statistical analysis. taxa studied included: trifolim restylinatum (six populations: shazand, soriyan, kordestan, harati, enaj and lordegan), t. repense, t, fragverm, t. prateme and t, alexandrinm. s...

chestnut-leaved oak (quercus castaneifolia c. a. mey) is one of the most important native oaks of iran distributed in the hyrcanian forests. the pure and mixed stands of it cover about 6.5% of these forests. the species represents morphological variations which have resulted in the description of several infraspecific taxa by different authors. eight taxa were recognized as subspecies and varie...

The genus Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) is reviewed from both phyloenetic and taxonomic points of view. As the largest genus of flowering plants it has attracted many researchers, but much work remains to be done. A short taxonomic history with special focus on infrageneric classification of the genus, a list of phylogenetic studies including the applied markers and sampling strategies as well a...

Understanding the diversification of polyploid crops in the circum-Mediterranean region is a challenging issue in evolutionary biology. Sequence data of three nuclear genes and three plastid DNA fragments from 109 accessions of Avena L. (Poaceae) and the outgroups were used for maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The evolution of cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.) and its close relatives wa...