Despite the long established and widely practised technique of artificial insemination in cattle, specific interactions between mammalian spermatozoa and the female genital tract remain incompletely understood. The following essay summarises one current view of the progress of bull spermatozoa in the female tract relative to the time of ovulation. Drawing on this physiological background, modif...

A GROUP of dairymen in New Jersey organized in 1938 the first cooperative in the United States for the artificial insemination of their cows. This method of serving females without natural mating has since become one of the most significant programs for livestock improvement in the history of American agriculture. A great deal of research has been done on all phases. A basic contribution was th...

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) as a type of artificial insemination involves the placement of sperm directly into the uterus at the time of ovulation, either in a natural menstrual cycle or following ovarian stimulation. The process allows the concentration of sperm in a small volume of culture media and then the concentrated sperm is placed into the uterus through a transcervical catheter. IU...

The bed bug, Cimex lectularius, has a unique mode of copulation termed "traumatic" insemination [Carayon, J. (1966) in Monograph of the Cimicidae, ed. Usinger, R. (Entomol. Soc. Am., Philadelphia), pp. 81-167] during which the male pierces the female's abdominal wall with his external genitalia and inseminates into her body cavity [Carayon, J. (1966) in Monograph of the Cimicidae, ed. Usinger, ...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to examine the disclosure decision by parents of children conceived by donor insemination. STUDY DESIGN A qualitative component of a self-administered questionnaire mailed to 184 couples who had become parents by donor insemination encouraged respondents to volunteer their written comments, concerns, or opinions about their disclosure decision. RESULTS...

OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of in vitro fertilisation with single embryo transfer or in vitro fertilisation in a modified natural cycle with that of intrauterine insemination with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in terms of a healthy child. DESIGN Multicentre, open label, three arm, parallel group, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. SETTING 17 centres in the Nether...