in this paper, the methodology of aircraft air distribution system has been analyzed theoretically and experimentally. to achieve that, ducting pressure loss and air flow throw gaspers calculations has been done for cabin ducts in according to exact location of individual air distribution system in the cabin. the length of gasper air flow was compared with the distance between gasper outlet and...

Increasing evidence has demonstrated toxic effects of ultrafine particles (UFP*, diameter < 100 nm). Children are particularly at risk because of their immature respiratory systems and higher breathing rates per body mass. This study aimed to characterize UFP, PM2.5 (particulate matter < or = 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter), and other vehicular-emitted pollutants in and around school buses....

A framework is described for predicting the airborne noise inside railway vehicles which applied to rolling sources. Statistical energy analysis (SEA) used predict interior by subdividing train cabin into several subsystems. The dissipation loss factors are obtained from measured reverberation time in cabin. power input SEA model external sources multiplying incident sound on surfaces with tran...

The coupling of environmental sensing to flagella-mediated directed motility allows bacteria to move to optimum environments for growth and survival, either by sensing external stimuli (chemotaxis) or monitoring internal metabolic status (energy taxis). Sensing is mediated by transducer-like proteins (Tlp), either located in the membrane or in the cytoplasm, which commonly influence motility vi...

Energy taxis encompasses aerotaxis, phototaxis, redox taxis, taxis to alternative electron acceptors, and chemotaxis to oxidizable substrates. The signal for this type of behavior is originated within the electron transport system. Energy taxis was demonstrated, as a part of an overall behavior, in several microbial species, but it did not appear as the dominant determinant in any of them. In t...

The aims of this study were to determine in-vehicle carbon monoxide (CO) levels in major commuting modes in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City (MAMC) and to identify the main factors affecting the variation in these CO concentrations. CO concentrations were measured inside public and private transport vehicles during the winter of 1991 in Mexico City. Measurements were taken along several com...

In this paper, the acoustic environment in a vehicle cabin under the influence of highfrequencies aerodynamic sources has been studied. Some panels on the windshield, the roof, the doors, the front pillars, and the floor of a vehicle simulated as input source of noise when the car is moving at high speed, i.e. 112 km/h. The status of vehicle cabin in each of these modes has been studied and com...

Is there a link between the color of a taxi and how many accidents it has? An analysis of 36 mo of detailed taxi, driver, and accident data (comprising millions of data points) from the largest taxi company in Singapore suggests that there is an explicit link. Yellow taxis had 6.1 fewer accidents per 1,000 taxis per month than blue taxis, a 9% reduction in accident probability. We rule out driv...