Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a key phenotype associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) for which the molecular mediators remain unclear. We therefore conducted an expression analysis of human muscle biopsies from patients with T2D; normoglycemic but insulin-resistant subjects with a parental family history (FH(+)) of T2D; and family history-negative control individuals (FH(–)). Actin cy...

Hyperglycemia is a risk marker of morbidity and mortality in acute critical illness, and insulin therapy seems to be beneficial in this patient group. Whether this is true for a population of sepsis patients, as such, has not been investigated in clinical trials, but evidence from in vitro studies and experimental sepsis suggests that this may be the case. The endocrinology of septic patients i...

In adipose tissue, insulin controls glucose and lipid metabolism through the intracellular mediators phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and serine-threonine kinase AKT. Phosphatase and a tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN), a negative regulator of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway, is hypothesized to inhibit the metabolic effects of insulin. Here we report the generation of ...

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of insulin resistance in the absence of obesity is unknown. In obesity, multiple stress kinases have been identified that impair the insulin signaling pathway via serine phosphorylation of key second messenger proteins. These stress kinases are activated through various mechanisms related to lipid oversupply locally in insulin target tissues and in various adipose de...

Organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3) is a major renal Oats expressed in the basolateral membrane of renal proximal tubule cells. We have recently reported decreases in renal Oat3 function and expression in diabetic rats and these changes were recovered after insulin treatment for four weeks. However, the mechanisms by which insulin restored these changes have not been elucidated. In this study, w...

Berberine exerts insulin resistance-improving effects, the underlying mechanism of which is not well understood. We herein aimed to examine the effects of berberine on mediators of insulin signaling in pancreatic β- and α- islet cells and hepatocytes using a rat obesity model. Rats were fed the following diets for 22 weeks: normal control (NC); normal+berberine (NC+BBR 200 mg/kg/day); high-fat ...

Jessen, Niels, and Laurie J. Goodyear. Contraction signaling to glucose transport in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 99: 330–337, 2005; doi:10.1152/ japplphysiol.00175.2005.—Contracting skeletal muscles acutely increases glucose transport in both healthy individuals and in people with Type 2 diabetes, and regular physical exercise is a cornerstone in the treatment of the disease. Glucose transp...

Jessen, Niels, and Laurie J. Goodyear. Contraction signaling to glucose transport in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 99: 330–337, 2005; doi:10.1152/ japplphysiol.00175.2005.—Contracting skeletal muscles acutely increases glucose transport in both healthy individuals and in people with Type 2 diabetes, and regular physical exercise is a cornerstone in the treatment of the disease. Glucose transp...

signaling pathways are not isolated from their surroundings. they are also intervened by other signaling pathways known as “crosstalk mechanism”. one of the most important crosstalk mechanisms is the insulinegf network. although insulin and epidermal growth factor (egf) networks have some complexity in their isolated forms, their complexities will grow in the crosstalk network. in this study, w...

Insulin-like growth factor-1, angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin-(1-9) have been proposed to be important mediators in cardioprotection. A large body of evidence indicates that insulin like growth factor-1 has pleotropic actions in the heart (i.e., contractility, metabolism, hypertrophy, autophagy, senescence and cell death) and, conversely, its deficiency is associated with impaired cardiac fun...