We present a study of rough surface inverse scattering problems using evolutionary strategies. The input data consists of far-field angle-resolved scattered intensity data, and the objective is to reconstruct the surface profile function that produced the data. To simplify the problem, the random surface is assumed to be one-dimensional and perfectly conducting. The optimum of the fitness funct...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of aerobic exercise intensity on the active subfraction of serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration. DESIGN A randomized control, before-and-after investigation that tested the hypothesis that high-intensity exercise training would result in improvements in serum concentrations of HDL subfraction 2 (HDL2) greater than those accompanying moderate-int...

Increased levels of physical activity may improve the lipid profile, but is this effect identical across apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotypes? A population-based cross-sectional survey conducted from 1999 to 2000 included 1708 randomly selected men and women aged 35 to 74 years. A validated physical activity questionnaire measured, for each participant, the total energy expenditure and its percent...

In nonlinear optics we are frequently measuring the functional dependence of a physical parameter on light intensity. This immediately presents a problem, since by their nature real optical beams have a varying transverse intensity profile. Any nonlinear measurement will inherently be different at the center of the beam than it is at the edges. A spatially integrated whole-beam measurement must...

In this note we present a coupled optimization model for boundary determination. One part of the model incorporates a prior shape into a geometric active contour model with a fixed parameter. The second part determines the ‘best’ parameter used in the first part by maximizing the mutual information of the image geometry between the prior and an aligned novel image over all the alignments, that ...

Statistical approaches to text mining can be enhanced and improved through the qualitative representation of free text – ideally, a representation which accommodates ambiguity and imprecision. We introduce a specialized lexicon that assigns semantic categories to words, together with numeric values for centrality and intensity within each category. From this lexicon, we automatically generate a...

[1] The stream power erosion law, which describes the erosion rate as a function of channel discharge and gradient, has often been used for modeling landscape evolution in regions dominated by fluvial processes. However, most previous studies utilizing the stream power erosion law simply use drainage area as a surrogate for channel discharge. Despite its convenience this simplification has impo...

The occultation technique of determining the properties of the atmosphere using absorption spectroscopy is examined. The intensity of a star, in certain atmospheric absorption bands, is monitored by a satellite tracking the star during occultation by the Earth’s atmosphere. The intensity data in certain wavelength intervals, where absorption is attributed to a single species, are related to the...