Abstract The manufacturing industry is exposed to various challenges: Increasing competition from companies abroad, the growing unpredictability and volatility of markets, rising customer demands forcing manufacturers be highly flexible offer low-cost products. Using simulation tools, productions systems can planned analyzed before deployment in field, reducing commissioning named avoiding cost...

due to shortage of precipitation and the spatial and periodical disparity of rainfalls, iran iscounted among the arid and semi-arid countries of the world, and therefore the water utilities have put thecontrol of consumption and efficient use of water high on their priorities. water consumption management isconsidered as a field of energy management, and the impacts of effective measure related...

In a merchandise depth test, a retail chain introduces new products at a small sample of selected stores for a short period prior to the primary selling season and uses the observed sales to forecast demand for the entire chain. We describe a method for resolving two key questions in merchandise testing: (1) which stores to use for the test and (2) how to extrapolate from test sales to create a...

Market characteristics, including intrinsic demand and customer sensitivity on price and product performance level, are distinct at different markets. Comparisons of various product development strategies in one market or two geographically separated markets are conducted for three classes of products: development intensive products (DIPs) with constant unit cost, marginal cost-intensive produc...

This article introduces a new mixed integer linear programming model of the optimal scheduling of multistage polymer plants. Most commodity polymer plants for products such as HDPE, PP, LDPE, LLDPE, PVC, PS, K-RESIN and CB are composed of reaction, extrusion and packaging stages. The operation of the reaction stage has the characteristics of both a batch process in that one process produces mul...

OBJECTIVE The UKPDS 34 and 51 showed that intensive blood glucose control with metformin is cost-saving and increases life expectancy in overweight type 2 diabetic patients in the United Kingdom. Diabetes is becoming an important health problem in urban China. This study addresses the effects and costs of intensive blood glucose control in this setting, aimed at supporting decision-making on th...

According to [1], the material handling cost comprises about 20-50% of the total operating cost of the facility layout. Typical research on facility layout concentrate on static layout problems where from-to charts are used to evaluate the layout. These layouts are not flexible enough to accommodate any future changes in production. Research on dynamic facility layout also has used the concept ...

In this paper, the process of urbanization in the current one-sided pursuit of quantity and speed of urbanization, ignoring the inherent quality of urbanization, from the perspective of the development of intensive urbanization, proposed intensive urbanization ideas: From the agglomeration of population, space intensive, industrial clusters defined in terms of the connotation of intensive urban...