Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global epidemic. In 2013, there were 382 million people with DM, and this number is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM), which is caused mainly by an autoimmunemediated destruction of beta cells within the islet of Langerhans, accounts for 5–10 % of the total cases of diabetes worldwide. Glycemic control is the cornerstone of diabetes care...

■ Recent evidence has suggested that intensified glycemic control of intensive care unit (ICU) patients by using intravenous insulin infusions results in improved outcomes, including decreased mortality rate. While these observations led to dramatic changes in the management of diabetic patients in the ICU, the optimal range of glycemic control for patients without systemic disorders of glucose...

Objective: : High intensity interval training (HIITs) can induce weight control, lowering blood pressure and beneficial effects on cardiovascular health in type 2 diabetic patients. The effect of different volumes of these exercises is unclear in type 2 diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of low volume and high volume of short-term intensive training on glycemic i...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether glycemic derangements are more effectively controlled using software-guided insulin dosing compared with paper-based protocols. PATIENTS AND METHODS We prospectively evaluated consecutive critically ill patients treated in a tertiary hospital surgical intensive care unit (ICU) between January 1 and June 30, 2008, and between January 1 and September 30, 2009. Pap...

According to large randomized trials, results suggest that maintaining normoglycemia postoperatively through tight glycemic control (TGC) and intensive insulin therapy (IIT) can improve surgical outcomes as well as reduce mortality and morbidity in critically ill patients. However, trials examining the effects of TGC have had conflicting results. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have also l...

Glucose meters are a fast and convenient way to measure circulating blood glucose. Like many technologies in healthcare, the use of glucose meters within the hospital has evolved significantly over the last few decades. This change has been driven predominantly by changes in the approach to glycemic control for critically ill patients. Both glycemic control in the intensive care unit (ICU), and...

INTRODUCTION Older adults who have diabetes vary widely in terms of comorbid conditions; these conditions help determine the risks and benefits of intensive glycemic control. Not all people benefit from intensive glycemic control. The objective of this study was to classify by comorbid conditions older American adults who have diabetes to identify those who are less likely to benefit from inten...

This prospective study was undertaken to examine whether glycemic normalization could have beneficial on the course of diabetic vascular complications in 6 insulin-dependent diabetics. A significant amelioration of glycemic regulation was achieved by intensive glycemic control with artificial devices and multiple injections for 3 months, which also resulted in an improvement in conduction veloc...

OBJECTIVE This article evaluated whether deviation from developmentally appropriate self-care autonomy moderated the effects of intensive therapy (IT) or usual care (UC) on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1C)) in 142 youths with diabetes. METHODS Youths received an autonomy/maturity ratio (AMR) score at baseline that was a ratio of standardized scores on measures of self-care autonomy to standar...

Severe burns lead to insulin resistance, which is associated with hyperglycemia and muscle wasting. Investigators showed relatively recently that control of hyperglycemia with intensive insulin treatment is associated with improved outcomes for those in the intensive care unit, including patients with severe burns. In this article, we review the actions of insulin in terms of glycemic control a...