Locations that connect tracks from different rail-road companies—referred to as interchange points—exchange crew, locomotives, and their associated consists. Because trains have a single degree of freedom in movement, that is, they can only operate along the tracks, any delay occurring at an interchange point causes cascading delays in connecting tracks. In addition, authentication and authoriz...

The Dataflow Interchange Format (DIF) is a standard language to specify mixed-grain dataflow models for digital signal, image, and video processing (DSP) systems and other streaming-related application domains. Major objectives of the DIF project are to design this standard language; to provide an extensible repository for representing, experimenting, and developing dataflow models and techniqu...

The interchange reaction between disulfides in concentrated acid solutions was demonstrated by Sanger (I) in 1953 with model compounds. Ryle and Sanger (2) later studied the formation of mono-dinitrophenyl cystine peptides in the reaction between insulin and di-DNP-cystinel in order to estimate the rate and extent of the interchange reaction. The disulfide interchange reaction was studied from ...

The evaluation methodology for selection of an interchange configuration which is presented in this paper is divided into four parts: 1) scrutinize the evaluation criteria to determine which ones are relevant; 2) estimate the initial cost of each reasonable alternative interchange design; 3) develop an Effectiveness Profile for each such alternative design; and 4) compare the initial cost and t...

Credit and especially debit card transactions are on the rise worldwide. Interchange fees are an integral part of the pricing structure of credit and debit card transactions. Indirectly paid by merchants to card issuers, interchange fees in most countries are set by credit and debit card networks. But in one country, Australia, the central bank is regulating interchange fees, and in several oth...

An important aspect in multi-agent cognitive systems is being able to provide negotiation facilities to agents. In this article we deal with this problem by presenting a formal environment allowing to specify preferences. Moreover, our framework describes how to perform exchanges among the entities involved in the system. The exchanges are not restricted to material goods, as we introduce capab...

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Communication processes in the commercial sectors are more and more using the services offered by the telecommunication industry. This is also due for the electronic data interchange (EDI) of business data which represents one of the most recent teleservices. This trend leads to the standardization of the data exchange, where EDIFACT (Electronic Data Interchange For Administration, Commerce and...

ERMANENT interchange heterozygosity is not a common phenomenon. Its Psuccess depends on conditions of two kinds, those internal and those external to the organism. The failure of interchange heterozygotes is generally attributed to their semisterility. Their fertility depends on such internal factors as the degree of multiple association and the orientation of the multiples at metaphase of meio...